Tubular Vanadium Air Redox‐flow battery

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Tubular Vanadium Air Redox‐flow battery ( tubular-vanadium-air-redox‐flow-battery )

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Index 1 2 Introduction........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Energy storage...................................................................................1 1.2 Redox flow batteries ........................................................................... 4 1.3 Presentation of the company.................................................................5 1.4 Thesis objective ................................................................................. 5 Vanadium redox flow battery .....................................................................6 2.1 State of the art .................................................................................. 6 2.1.1 Standard potential ......................................................................................7 2.1.2 Equilibrium potential ...................................................................................9 2.1.3 Efficiencies ...............................................................................................9 2.2 Components and materials .................................................................. 10 2.2.1 Ion exchange membrane ............................................................................. 11 2.2.2 Electrodes .............................................................................................. 12 2.2.3 Electrolyte .............................................................................................. 12 Capacity fade and state of charge in VRFB ................................................... 14 3.1 Capacity fade factors......................................................................... 14 3.1.1 Membrane crossover .................................................................................. 14 3.1.2 Hydrogen and oxygen evolution .................................................................... 15 3.1.3 V2+ oxidation with oxygen air ........................................................................ 16 3.2 Methods to assess the state of charge and electrolyte imbalance .................. 16 3.2.1 Vanadium ions concentration ....................................................................... 17 3.2.2 Standard reduction potential ....................................................................... 18 3.2.3 Open circuit potential ................................................................................ 18 3.2.4 Conductivity ............................................................................................ 18 Methods and materials ............................................................................ 20 4.1 VRFB specifications........................................................................... 20 4.2 Sample collecting ............................................................................. 22 3 4 Study of redox flow battery systems for residential applications i

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Tubular Vanadium Air Redox‐flow battery

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