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Pump AC power (W) 350 Gas constant 8.314 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition Figure 8: Stack voltage experimental and simulated, and the respective relative error. Table IV: Obtained model parameters errors. Parameter Stack voltage Voltage terminal Current terminal Figure 9: PV profile and load consumption. Figure 10: LabVIEW EMS implementation. 4.1 Key-performance indicators ▪ Self-consumption ratio (SCR) – Share of the PV generation consumed by the installation from the total of the PV energy generation. (13) Where, is the PV energy generation consumed directly or indirectly (e.g. battery auxiliary consumption), and the is the total PV energy generated by the PV system. ▪ Self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) – Share of the consumed PV energy generation in the total load consumption needs. (14) Where, is the total load consumption needs, and RMSE 0.4143 V 0.2991 1.3716 V 0.6141 2.8858 A 0.0180 Mean relative error 4 EMS – Self-consumption strategy 4.1 EMS Portugal has in force the Decree-Law 162/2019 (25th October) which gives a very strong emphasis to the renewable energy self-consumption. In that context, we choose to evaluate this model using this EMS, since it is the most suitable strategy for a residential scale. The PV self-consumption maximization with the use of a battery was explored to check the suitability of the application methods in real time operation. A specially devoted LabVIEW programme was developed for this control strategy, with internal implementation of the VRFB model. The user interface is showed in Figure 10. For this strategy application, real-time data of the PV system over 6 days was tested. The decision to eliminate some parts of the null PV generation was made in order to shorten the time duration of the test in real-time. The load profile is made available by EDP Comercial website and corresponds to an estimation for 2019 average Portuguese loads, for BTN C (normal low voltage, residential) [21]. This publicly available data is a fifteen-minute average, based on the year- before loads. This data is published at unit scale and was scaled to fit the PV installed power in the microgrid. The resulting load profile is presented in Figure 9. After some simulations, a response time window of 3-5 seconds is achieved with success allowing real time control to be possible. In each control cycle the commands are sent, all the variables read and registered. To proper evaluate the strategy application, the best suited key-performance indicators were calculated. the and extracted from the network grid, in the overall strategy. ▪ Grid-relieffactor(GRF)–Thegridrelieffactor offers a measure of the total grid use in the overall load consumption needs. (15) ▪ Overall battery use (OBU) – Share of energy of the power battery command in the overall energy consumption. is the sum of the energy, which is injected 1422PDF Image | VANADIUM REDOX FLOW BATTERY MODELLING
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