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LE STUDIUM Multidisciplinary Journal www.lestudium-ias.com FELLOWSHIP FINAL REPORT A Vanadium Redox Flow Battery based on a highly concentrated Protic Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Georgios Nikiforidis1,2 and Mérièm Anouti1,2 1Laboratoire PCM2E, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France 2LE STUDIUM Institute for Advanced Studies, 45000 Orléans, France REPORT INFO Fellow: Dr. Georgios Nikiforidis From Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Saudi Arabia Host laboratory in region Centre-Val de Loire: Le laboratoire de Physico- Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie, PCM2E, Université de Tours Host scientist: Pr. Meriem Anouti Period of residence in region Centre- Val de Loire: January 2020 - January 2021 Keywords : Protic ionic liquids, Redox Flow Battery, Electrolyte, High energy density 1- Introduction Considering the international pressure caused by climate change and air pollution, traditional energy sources are steadily moving towards clean energy alternatives such as solar, wind, and hydropower. Clean energy has become a multibillion-dollar industry, with solar, wind, battery, smart grid, and other sectors experiencing strong uptrends. Energy experts adjust their forecast as clean energy technologies emerge faster than predicted and are cost-competitive with coal-fired electricity and combustion-engine vehicles. Falling costs of renewables such as wind and solar PV are now "out-competing" coal worldwide, with more than 60% of existing plants currently operating at a higher cost than renewable alternatives [1]. As an example, in Germany, the introduction of the German Renewable Energy ABSTRACT A protic ionic liquid is inctroduced for the first time as a solvent for a high energy density vanadium redox flow battery. The proof-of-concept redox flow cell with a concentration of 3 mol L−1 vandyl sulfate electrolyte was tested for a total of 30 cycles at 40°C, showing an open circuit potential of 1.38 V, a nominal capacity of 1900 mAh at a current density of 40 mA cm−1 and energy and coulombic efficiencies of 64 and 90%, respectively. The continuous 16 hours of cycling suggest that the concentrated anolyte and catholyte are thermally stable and cycleable. This study underlines a new route to improve the energy-to-volume ratio of this promising energy storage system. Nikiforidis, G.; Anouti, M. A Vanadium Redox Flow Battery based on a highly concentrated Protic Ionic Liquid Electrolyte, LE STUDIUM Multidisciplinary Journal, 2021, 5, 1-5 https://doi.org/10.34846/le-studium.211.01.fr.01-2021 1 Sources Act (2000) shifted the share of renewable energy sources in the German electricity sector from 5.2% in 1999 to 37.8% in 2018 [2]. Pumped-hydro currently dominates the (renewable) electricity storage with 96% of the installed worldwide capacity [3], followed by rapidly growing battery electrochemical storage systems. Battery storage in stationary applications looks set to grow from 2 GW worldwide in 2017 to 235 GW in 2030 [4], rivaling pumped-hydro storage. Battery storage and pumped hydro are expected to become an increasing source of overall energy turnover going forward (i.e., spot market and frequency control ancillary services market, the latter being the current principal revenue stream for batteries) [5]. Through storing energy in recirculating liquid electrolytes, redox flow batteries (RFB) are anPDF Image | Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Protic Ionic Liquid Electrolyte
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