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J. Phys. Energy 3 (2021) 031503 N Tapia-Ruiz et al Figure 15. (a) Representation of Na+ ion insertion in a typical organic redox-active molecule—disodium naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate (Na2NDC). (b) Figure showing electrochemical reaction observed for azo-bonded organic molecules. Figure 16. Schematic showing aspects of contemporary research in the domain of organic anode materials, including broad objectives. Advances in science and technology to meet challenges A major theme of research in this area has been to leverage the versatility of organic chemistry for molecular engineering and examine new molecules by varying their atomic or structural properties (figure 16). Among various molecules, carboxylates bonded to aromatic systems are the most popular moieties. Strategies to extend π-conjugation or vary the secondary functional groups have shown the potential to both improve cycling performance and stabilise redox states. In certain cases, upon careful design, the extended π-conjugation has participated in the electrochemical reaction, leading to the insertion of excess charges [149]. The role of secondary functional groups is to modulate the electronic properties of the molecule and provide additional interaction sites for Na+ ions. It is observed that in structurally similar molecules, 34PDF Image | 2021 roadmap for sodium-ion batteries
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