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structure of Mn5O8 inhibits gas evolution processes, enables two-electron charge transfer through the Mn2þ/Mn4þ redox pair, and provides a straightforward pathway Batteries 2022, 8, 180 11 of 23 for Na-ion transport [51]. Figure 6. (a) A schematic diagram of the crystal structures for NaxMnO2. Reproduced with the per- Figure 6. (a) A schematic diagram of the crystal structures for NaxMnO2. Reproduced with the per- mission of ref. [67], copyright 2020 American Chemical Society (b) The demonstration of Na4Mn9O18 mission of ref. [67], copyraingdhftu2ll0c2e0ll AchmareacrtiecraisntiCcshwehmicihca"*l"Sreopcriesteynt(sbt)hTe hinerdt eMmnoOns.tRraetpironduocfeNd wa4iMth nth9eOp1e8rmission of 23 and full cell characteristircesf. w[70h]i,cchop"y*r"igrhetp2r0e1s0eEnltssevthieer Bin.Ve.r(tc)MConm2Opa3.riRsoenporfoNdua c.eMdnwOithantdhCeap.erNmais.sioMnnO . Repro- 042 0070262 ofref.[70],copyright201d0uEcelsdewvitehrtBhe.Vp.e(rcm)iCssoiomnpofareifs.o[7n2]o,fcoNpay0r.i4gMhtn2O0220aWnidleCy−a0V.0C7NHaG0m.26bMHn(Od)2L.aRtteipcerost-ructureand electrochemical performance of Mn O . Reproduced with the permission of ref. [54], copyright 2016 ducedwiththepermissionofref.[72],copyright2020W5 i8ley−VCHGmbH(d)Latticestructureand Springer Nature. electrochemical performance of Mn5O8. Reproduced with the permission of ref. [51], copyright 2016 Springer Nature. 3.1.3. Prussian Blue Analogues Considering theirdcruatbeidcisotnriuccrtaudrieusaindaqmuaeolluesabalettecrhiesm[7ic3a–7l5c]o. mInpFoigsuitrieo7na,,PCruisasnidancob-lwuoerkers orig- 3.1.3. Prussian Blue Analogues Considering their cubic structure and malleable chemical composition, Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are an ideal material for inserting big ions, having a large hy- inally synthesized the conventional single-metal-atom redox nickel hexacyanoferrate, analogues (PBAs) are an ideal material for inserting big ions, having a large hydrated ionic K . Ni . Fe(CN) ·3.6H O (NiFe-PBA) and use it as electrode materials for ARSIB. Al- 061262 radius in aqueous batteries [73–75]. In Figure 7a, Cui and co-workers originally synthe- though the Na+ insertion/extraction process resulted in minor structural modifications sized the conventional single-metal-atom redox nickel hexacyanoferrate, K0.6Ni1.2Fe(CN)6 and stress-strain, after 5000 cycles at 8.3 C, NiFe-PBA exhibits outstanding electrochemi- ·3.6H2O (NiFe-PBA) ancadl sutsaebiiltitya,sweiltehcntroocdaepamciatytedreigarlsadfaotrioAn.RHSoIBw.eAvelrt,hsoinucgehthtehme aNtear+iailniseNra--deficient, the anode is superfluous for ASIBs applications [76]. In addition, as shown in Figure 7b tion/extraction process resulted in minor structural modifications and stress-strain, after Shen and colleagues synthesized Na-rich Na1.45Ni[Fe(CN)6]0.87·3.02H2O and success- 5000 cycles at 8.3 C, NiFe-PBA exhibits outstanding electrochemical stability, with no ca- fully created a functional ASIB by using anode of NaTi2(PO4)3 which has superior pacity degradation. However, since the material is Na-deficient, the anode is superfluous reversible capacity and cycle stability than cubic Na1.21Ni[Fe(CN)6]0.86·3.21H2O [77]. for ASIBs applicationsA[s7a6]r.esIunltaodfdthiteiornre,daosxsphootewntniali,nthFeisgeusrineg7leb-mSehtealn-aatonmdrceodlolxeaPgBuAesscasnynbe- classified thesized Na-rich Na1.45Ni[Fe(CN)6]0.87·3.02H2O and successfully created a functional ASIB ZnFe-PBA and CuFe-PBA are preferred to NiFe-PBA as cathode materials and due to as follows: ZnFe-PBA > CuFe-PBA > NiFe-PBA. As a function of their redox potential, by using anode of NaTi2(PO4)3 which has superior reversible capacity and cycle stability the highest redox potential, ZnFe-PBAs have a great deal of potential to improve energy −1 than cubic Na1.21Ni[Fed(eCnNsit)y6].0.R86e·3ce.2n1tlHy,2LOiu[7a7n]d. Acos-waorkeesrusltdeomf othnsetiratredo59xWpohtkengtialo,ftehnesregy density can be achievable by using an aqueous battery, which consisted of Zn [Fe(CN) ] as 362 single-metal-atom redox PBAs can be classified as follows: ZnFe-PBA > CuFe-PBA > NiFe- cathode, NaTi2(PO4)3 as anode with the electrolyte of NaClO4–H2O–polyethylene glycol. PBA. As a function of their redox potential, ZnFe-PBA and CuFe-PBA are preferred to Moreover, in Figure 7c, by improving the synthesis method of ZnFe-PBAs, the energy NiFe-PBA as cathode materials and due to the highest redox potential, ZnFe-PBAs have a great deal of potential to improve energy density. Recently, Liu and co-workers demon- strated 59 Wh kg−1 of energy density can be achievable by using an aqueous battery, which consisted of Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 as cathode, NaTi2(PO4)3 as anode with the electrolyte of NaClO4–H2O–polyethylene glycol. Moreover, in Figure 7c, by improving the synthesisPDF Image | Aqueous Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Batteries Hydrogel
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