PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 005
Energies 2020, 13, 6216 5 of 19 broad features, referring to (002) and (100) planes of hard carbon, at 2θ around 23◦ and 43◦ [8,14]. Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 20 No impurity-related peaks are observed from the XRD patterns, which indicate the absence of other phases. The interlayer spacing d002 and the stacking height Lc were obtained by following Equations (1) phases. The interlayer spacing d002 and the stacking height Lc were obtained by following Equations (Bragg’s law) and (2) (Scherrer), respectively [23,31]: (1) (Bragg’s law) and (2) (Scherrer), respectively [23,31]: where λ = 0.154 nm and where λ = 0.154 nm and 𝑑d = 𝜆λ/22ssiinn((𝜃θ )) 002 002 𝐿Lc =00.9.9𝜆λ//𝛽β002𝑐c𝑜o𝑠s((𝜃θ002)) (1)(1) (2)(2) whheerreeββ002 isiseqeuqaulatlotonoen-eh-ahlafloffotfhtehewwididththofofththee00202ppeaeka.k. 002 Figure 2. Structural and morphological investigation of the CGDHC powder. (a) XRD pattern. (b) Raman Figure 2. Structural and morphological investigation of the CGDHC powder. (a) XRD pattern. (b) spectrum. SEM images of coffee ground-derived hard carbon (CGDHC) powder at a magnification of Raman spectrum. SEM images of coffee ground-derived hard carbon (CGDHC) powder at a 10kX(c)and40kX(d). magnification of 10 kX (c) and 40 kX (d). Additionally, the number n of graphene stacking layers was determined by dividing Lc by d002 [23]. Additionally, the number n of graphene stacking layers was determined by dividing Lc by d002 The results are presented in Table 1. Notably, the interlayer spacing of the CGDHC powder is calculated [23]. The results are presented in Table 1. Notably, the interlayer spacing of the CGDHC powder is to be 0.386 nm, which is higher than that of graphite (0.335 nm), facilitating Na ion insertion/extraction calculated to be 0.386 nm, which is higher than that of graphite (0.335 nm), facilitating Na+ ion between carbon layers [32]. insertion/extraction between carbon layers [32]. The RamaTnabslpe e1c. tCrurymstaolfloCgrGaDphHicCpaproawmedters, schalocwulnateind bFyigXuRrDe 2abn,dinRdamicantedsatwa aonsahlyasrips. and intense peaks of D-band at ~1330.12 cm−1 and of G-band at ~1586.77 cm−1. The D-band “the defect-induced Sample d002 Lc (nm) n ID/IG La (nm) band” is correlated with vacancies or the attendance of functional groups, whereas the G-band “the + CGDHC-Powder 0.386 0.732 1.89 0.965 19.92 crystalline graphite” corresponds to the graphitic vibrations [8,31]. The intensity ratio ID/IG value describes the ratio between the degree of defects and the degree of graphitization. For CGDHC it is calculated as 0.965, suggesting a relatively high-graphitization degree of hard carbon [8]. Moreover, two broad peaks are located at around 2600 and 2950 cm−1, which correspond to 2D and D+G bands. The 2D band is associated with the degree of graphitization and the D+G band is associated with defect activated process for an elastic scattering [31]. The graphitic domain size of hard carbon sample was also independently calculated from [20,23]:PDF Image | Coffee Ground Sustainable Anodes Sodium-Ion Batteries
PDF Search Title:
Coffee Ground Sustainable Anodes Sodium-Ion BatteriesOriginal File Name Searched:
energies-13-06216.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Salt water flow battery technology with low cost and great energy density that can be used for power storage and thermal storage. Let us de-risk your production using our license. Our aqueous flow battery is less cost than Tesla Megapack and available faster. Redox flow battery. No membrane needed like with Vanadium, or Bromine. Salgenx flow battery
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com | RSS | AMP |