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3. Results and Discussion Energies 2022, 15, 5659 The X-ray diffractometry (XRD) pattern was collected to analyze the crystal structure of the KFAM-X (Figure 1). The characteristic peaks of the KFAM-X were similar to previ- ously reported K0.7Mn0.7Ni0.3O2. Its peaks at 12.8°, 25.8°, 36.6°, 37.2°, 47.8°, 51.1°and 57.7° were assigned to (003), (006), (101), (102), (105), (107) and (108) planes, which indicated 3 of 7 the layered structure of the KFAM-X [21,22]. Its d-spacing was 6.95 Å , distinctly higher than the diameter of Na+. We noted that the peaks of KFAM-2 were stronger than those of KFAM-1. There were several impurity peaks of K2O (JCPDS no. 77-2176) and K(H2O)OH + (JCPDS no. 77-1221) for KFAM-3, reflecting that excessive K + could not intercalate to the (JCPDS no. 77-1221) for KFAM-3, reflecting that excessive K could not intercalate to the interlayer (Figure S1). Thus, all potassium ions of KFAM-1 and KFAM-2 were included interlayer (Figure S1). Thus, all potassium ions of KFAM-1 and KFAM-2 were included in in the P2 structure; a part o+f K+ in KFAM-3 was not included in the P2 structure. The the P2 structure; a part of K in KFAM-3 was not included in the P2 structure. The results results of XRD indicated that the P2-type KFAM-2 layered cathode could show a good of XRD indicated that the P2-type KFAM-2 layered cathode could show a good electro- electrochemical performance. chemical performance. Figure 1. XRD patterns of KFAM-X. Figure 1. XRD patterns of KFAM-X. The morphology of the KFAM-X was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) The morphology of the KFAM-X was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. As shown in Figure 2, the KFAM-X consisted of many nanoparticles with an images. As shown in Figure 2, the KFAM-X consisted of many nanoparticles with an ir- irregular shape and a size of 300–500 nm. There were no obvious differences between regular shape and a size of 300–500 nm+ . There were no obvious differences between the the KFAM-X samples with different K contents. To further determine the compositions KFAM-X samples with different K+ contents. To further determine the compositions of the of the KFAM-X, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra and elemental mapping were KFAM-X, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra and elemental mapping were collected collected (Figure 3, Figures S2 and S3). The EDX spectra proved the presence of elemental (Figures 3, S2 and S3). The EDX spectra proved the presence of elemental K, Fe, Al, Mn K, Fe, Al, Mn and O (Figure 3b, Figures S2b and S3b). According to the elemental ratios, and O (Figures 3b, S2b and S3b). According to the elemental ratios, the chemical formulas the chemical formulas of the KFAM-X were determined to be K0.34Fe0.04Al0.07Mn0.89O2, of the KFAM-X were determined to be K0.34Fe0.04Al0.07Mn0.89O2, K0.37Fe0.04Al0.07Mn0.89O2 and Energies 2022, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEWK0.37Fe0.04Al0.07Mn0.89O2 and K0.42Fe0.04Al0.07Mn0.89O2. The elemental mapping sho4wofed8 + K0.42Fe0.04Al0.07Mn0.89O2. The elemental mapping showed the uniform distribution of K, Fe, the uniform distribution of K, Fe, Al, Mn and O, even reflecting K pre-intercalation (AFilg,uMren3acn,dFiOgu,erevsenS2rcefalnecdtiSn3gc)K.+ pre-intercalation(Figures3c,S2candS3c). Fiigure 2.. SEM iimages off ((a,,d)) KFAM-1, (b,e) KFAM-2 and (c,f) KFAM-3.PDF Image | Material as a High-Performance Cathode Sodium-Ion Batteries
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