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Energies 2022, 15, 8086 Materials K–CS Na–CS d002 (Å) 3.671 5 of 20 3.7049 Table 1. Structural properties of CSHC. Sl. No 1 2 3 Figure 3. XRD analysis of K-CS, Na-CS, Zn-CS. Figure 3. XRD analysis of K-CS, Na-CS, Zn-CS. Table 1. Structural properties of CSHC. TheoccurrenceofdisorderedhardcarbonwasfurthercIonfirmedbyR D IG 1 K–CS 3.671 0.84 tinct pea2ks around 1346Naan–CdS 1582 cm−1, as3s.i7g04n9ed for the D–b0a.8n5d and G–ban 𝑰 Zn–CS 3.943 and disordered structure of the synthesized materials further confirm that the CSHC is a suitable anode material for SIBs. Table 1 shows the structural properties of CSHC. Sl. No Materials d002 (Å) troscopy. Figure 4 shows the Raman spectra of K, Na, and Zn–CSHC. There 3 Zn–CS 3.943 0.87 The D–band corresponds to the disordered while the G–band is the tangentia of the carbon atom. The ID/IG (intensity ratios) of the synthesized K–CS, Na– The occurrence of disordered hard carbon was further confirmed by Raman spec- CS are 0.84, 0.85, and 0.87. For all synthesis conditions, the ID/IG ratio never e troscopy. Figure 4 shows the Raman spectra of K, Na, and Zn–CSHC. There are two distinct indicating that the materi−a1ls are highly defective [16]. This result also confi peaks around 1346 and 1582 cm , assigned for the D–band and G–band of carbon. The Dcu–brarenndceorroefspnoondns-gtorathpehditisiozradbelredHwChilewtihtehGi–rbraengduilsatrhestarungcetnutriaelsv.ibIfratihoenspoefak int the carbon atom. The I /I (intensity ratios) of the synthesized K–CS, Na–CS, and Zn–CS DG band decreases, and the value of ID/IG increases continuously, indicating t are 0.84, 0.85, and 0.87. For all synthesis conditions, the ID/IG ratio never exceeds one, graphene sheets in the materials that are highly defective [24,25]. The increase indicating that the materials are highly defective [16]. This result also confirms the occur- ratio for the KOH, NaOH, and ZnCl2-treated HC suggests that harsh chemical rence of non-graphitizable HC with irregular structures. If the peak intensity of D band decreases, and the value of I /I increases continuously, indicating the ordered graphene disturbed the structuraDl oGrder of the carbon. Hence, the synthesized HC indi sheets in the materials that are highly defective [24,25]. The increase of the I /I ratio for DG propriateness as an anode electrode material due to its outstanding electrical the KOH, NaOH, and ZnCl2-treated HC suggests that harsh chemical treatments disturbed ity. This result agrees well with XRD data illustrations. the structural order of the carbon. Hence, the synthesized HC indicates its appropriateness as an anode electrode material due to its outstanding electrical conductivity. This result agrees well with XRD data illustrations. 0 0 0 a a d l C x r e cPDF Image | Morphology Derived Coconut Sheath for Sodium-Ion Battery
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