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Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 3529 3 of 28 Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 3529 2a. The material was demonstrated to have fast and stable cycling performance at −25 °C. At the same time, PB crystals maintain a small volume change during the Na+ insertion and extraction process. In addition, a larger lattice parameter of the perovskite framework of PB reduces the activation energy of sodium-ion diffusion, and the concatenate of CNT in PB nanocrystals maintains favorable electric contact at low temperatures. The excellent performance of PB and the unique structure allowed PB/CNT cathodes to achieve a dis- and the unique structure allowed PB/CNT cathodes to achieve a discharge capacity of charge capacity of 142 mAh/g at a 0.1 C rate (1 C = 100 mA/g in this review), as shown in 142 mAh/g at a 0.1 C rate (1 C = 100 mA/g in this review), as shown in Figure 2b, as well as Figure 2b, as well as an output specific energy density of 408 W h/kg with coulombic effi- ciency higher than 99.4% at −25 °C. In multi-lap cycles, the system still had superb stability 3 of 29 maintains favorable electric contact at low temperatures. The excellent performance of PB an output specific energy density of 408 W h/kg with coulombic efficiency higher than 99.4% at ◦ −25 C.Inmulti-lapcycles,thesystemstillhadsuperbstabilitywhosespecificretentionstaysat whose specific retention stays at 86% over 1000 cycles, as shown in Figure 2c. Jian-Ming 86% over 1000 cycles, as shown in Figure 2c. Jian-Ming Dai et al. [19] reported a new method Dai et al. [19] reported a new method which was an electrostatic spray-assisted coprecip- witahtiochnmweatshaonde(alebcbtreovsitatteidcaspsrthaye-EaSssmisettehdodco),purseecdiptiotaptrioepnamreettheoNda(2aNbib[Frev(CiaNte)6d]caasthth-eES omdet,hwodh)ic,huswedastonapmreepdaraestPhBeNi-aE2SN.iT[Fhe(CENS)m6]etchaothdordeep,owrtheidchinwtahsenaartmiceledsaisgnPiBfiNcain-EtlSy.The rEeSdumcetshtohde arempourntetdofincotmhebianretdiclweastiegrniinfitchaenPtlByNrei.dIunctehsetchearaamctoeurinzattoiofncomf SbEiMne,ditwcanter in btheeclPeaBrNlyi.seIennttheatcthaerPaBctNeriipzraetpioanreodfthSrEoMug, hitthcaenESbemceltehaordlyhasseemnotrheaptotrhees aPnBdNsmi parlleeprared ptharotiuclgehsitzhee. TEhSismnewthsotdruhctausremhoarsebpetotererstanbdilitsymuanldler pmaurlttiicpllee sciyzcel.esTahnids anheiwghsctruur-cture +− rheanstbdetntesrityst,awbhilictyh ualnsdoedrirmecutltyipelnehcaynclestahnedtranhsigmhiscsuiornreenftfidciensciytyo,fwNhaichanadlsoe .dIinrectly +− Fenighuarnec2eds,tmheucthrahnisgmheisrsvionltaegfeficpioelnacriyzaotfioNnacananbde seee.nI.nHFoiwgeuvrer2, daf,temruccyhclihnigh44e0r vcyo-ltage cles, PBNi-ES exhibited an 87% capacity retention at 0 °C and an 84% capacity retention polarization can be seen. However, after cycling 440 cycles, PBNi-ES exhibited an 87% at −25 °C at a 1 C rate, as shown in Figure 2e. In the work of Yinzhu Jiang et al. [20], capacity retention at 0 ◦C and an 84% capacity retention at −25 ◦C at a 1 C rate, as shown Na1.71Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.94□0.06·1.66H2O was composed through a facile in situ polymerization in Figure 2e. In the work of Yinzhu Jiang et al. [20], Na1.71Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.940.06·1.66H2O method. Combined with 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene, (NH4)2S2O8 and deionized water, was composed through a facile in situ polymerization method. Combined with 3, 4- the as-synthesized powder was named as MnHCF@PEDOT-20. The special prepared ethylenedioxythiophene, (NH4)2S2O8 and deionized water, the as-synthesized powder was method and Mn/Fe in PBA promotes the infiltration of these two elements. It further de- named as MnHCF@PEDOT-20. The special prepared method and Mn/Fe in PBA promotes creases phase change in the cathode, enhancing the cell’s low-temperature performance. the infiltration of these two elements. It further decreases phase change in the cathode, It is also worth mentioning that at a low temperature of −10 °C, NaPF6 was more stable in enhancing the cell’s low-temperature performance. It is also worth mentioning that at a low the electrolyte, while ◦the degradation of transition metals was reduced. Hence, after a long temperature of −10 C, NaPF6 was more stable in the electrolyte, while the degradation of run of 500 cycles, it still had a remarkable specific capacity of about 70 mAh/g, i.e., nearly transition metals was reduced. Hence, after a long run of 500 cycles, it still had a remarkable 83% compared with its initial capacity, and it had an obvious voltage stage at 3.4 V. Re- specific capacity of about 70 mAh/g, i.e., nearly 83% compared with its initial capacity, and cently, Jerry Barker et al. [21] produced Novasis Prussian Blue material NaxMnFe(CN)6 on it had an obvious voltage stage at 3.4 V. Recently, Jerry Barker et al. [21] produced Novasis a large scale. With hard carbon as the counter electrode, the full cell exhibited high volt- Prussian Blue material NaxMnFe(CN)6 on a large scale. With hard carbon as the counter ages of 3.25 V at 0 °C, 3.1 V at −10 °C, and 2.9 V at −20 °C, with specific capacities of 90 electrode, the full cell exhibited high voltages of 3.25 V at 0 ◦C, 3.1 V at −10 ◦C, and 2.9 V at mAh/g at 0 °C, 88 mAh/g at −10 °C, and 85 mAh/g at −20 °C at a rate of 1 C, as shown in −20 ◦C, with specific capacities of 90 mAh/g at 0 ◦C, 88 mAh/g at −10 ◦C, and 85 mAh/g Figure 2f. at −20 ◦C at a rate of 1 C, as shown in Figure 2f. Figure2..((aa))TThheessyystsetmemofofPPB/BC/NCTNwTiwthitcharcbaornbonnanoatnuobteucboencnoenctninecgtiPnBg.(PbB).C(byc)lCinygclpinergfopremrfaonrcmeance ◦ ofPB/CCNNTTaattaacucurrernenttddenesnistyityofo0f.01.1CCfofroarlaonlognrgurnuanta−t25−°2C5. (Cc).P(cB)/CPBN/TChNasTahnauslatrnau-llotnrag-lcoyncglecycle life at a high rate of 2.4 C at 25 °C◦ , 0 °C◦, and −25 °C.◦Reproduced with permission from Ref. [18]. life at a high rate of 2.4 C at 25 C, 0 C, and −25 C. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [18]. Copyright 2016 WILEY-VCH. (d) PBNi-ES temperature comparison for voltage and specific capacities at 0.1 C. (e) High rate of 1 C and long cycle performance of PBNi-ES. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [19]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier. (f) Cell performance at a range of temperatures from an ambient temperature to an extremely low temperature of −40 ◦C at a 1 C rate. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [21]. Copyright 2018 WILEY-VCH.PDF Image | Na Ion Batteries Used at Low Temperatures
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