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Gels 2022, 8, 725 the phosphonium cell showed a far greater capacity retention, as shown by Figure 4c, of the normalized capacity of two cells cycling at C/10. In our previous work, we observed that iongels from superconcentrated phosphonium electrolytes exhibit better battery per- formance compared to the previously reported pyrrolidinium counterparts due to their superior electrochemical stability [12]. The results of this work suggest that the same be- havior is observed in the iongel form of these electrolytes. Figure 4. (a) Cycling behavior at 50 ◦C of a Na/iongel membrane/NaFePO4 cycled in the range of Figure 4. (a) Cy+cling behavior at 50 °C of a Na/iongel membrane/NaFePO4 cycled in the range of 1.5–4 V vs. Na /Na at different C-rates; (b) specific capacity vs. cycle number plot; (c) normalized 1.5–4 V vs. Na+/Na at different C-rates; (b) specific capacity vs. cycle number plot; (c) normalized capacity as a function of cycle number for the electrolyte reported in this work (red points) and capacity as a function of cycle number for the electrolyte reported in this work (red points) and 5 of 7 electrolyte previously reported by our group (black points) [12]. electrolyte previously reported by our group (black points) [12]. 3. Conclusions 3. Conclusions Four different iongel electrolytes were prepared by UV photopolymerization using Four different iongel electrolytes were prepared by UV photopolymerization using trimethyl iso-butyl phosphonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (P111i4FSI) ionic liquid and trimethyl iso-butyl phosphonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (P111i4FSI) ionic liquid and sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) salt, varying the amount of PEGDA in each from 5 stod4iu0 mwtb%is. (Tflhueoerolescutrlfoolyntyels)ismhoidwee(dNanFSinI)crseaalts,evianrsytionrgagtheemaomdouulunst aosf tPhEeGaDmAouinteoafcPhEfGroDmA 47◦ 5intoth4e0swystt%em. Tihnecrelaescetdro, lryatnegsinshgofwroemd1a0n itnoc1r0easPeaiant s5t0oraCg,efomr tohdeuelulesctarsoltyhtesawmiothun5taonfd 47 P4E0GwDtA%,inretshpeecstyisvtelmy. iTnhcreeiaosnedic,croandgiuncgtifvriotymw1a0stmoe1a0suPraedatu5s0in°gCb,rfoardthbeanedlecdtireolleyctersic −3 −1 ◦ wspitehc5troanscdop40yw(BtD%S,)reasnpdecotbivtaeilnye.dThuepitooni1c0conSdcumctivitayt w50asCm; ethaesuserevdaluseisngdebproenadbeadnodn the amount of polymer in each electrolyte. Taking into account these parameters, Iongel10 was selected for testing in a sodium battery, and this electrolyte showed a higher capacity retention compared to other pyrrolidinium-based electrolytes. 4. Materials and Methods 4.1. Materials Trimethyl iso-butyl phosphonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (P111i4FSI, Boron Molecu- lar, Victoria, Australia) and sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI, Solvionic, Toulouse, France) were dried under vacuum at 50 ◦C and transferred inside an Ar-filled glove box be- fore use. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate Mn 575 (PEGDA; Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain) was passed through a basic alumina column to remove the hydroquinone monomethyl ether inhibitor (MEHQ), filtered with a 0.45 μm syringe filter, and kept refrigerated at 5 ◦C before use. 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (DAROCUR 1173, Sigma-Aldrich) was used as received.PDF Image | Phosphonium Iongels for Solid-State Sodium Metal Batteries
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