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Batteries 2022, 8, 157 11 of 25 Batteries 2022, 8, 157 voltage also could be observed, indicating the excellent interfacial stability between the electrolyte and electrode. in NMBs, the Na||Na symmetrical battery presented very low overpotential of about 70 mV and retained an ultra-stable cycling performance for 1000 h (Figure 4d). Zhang et al. utilized a Cu-based metal-organic framework (MOF) to support the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with NaClO4 under UV curing as polymer electrolyte (PEO-Cu-MOF) [100]. After solidification, the Cu-based MOF was uniformly dispersed into the PEO matrix. Owing to the high specific surface areas and ordered porous structures of Cu-based MOF, the PEO- Cu-MOF polymer electrolyte exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 3.48 mS cm−1. Figure 4e shows the cycling performance of the Na||Na symmetrical battery with the PEO-Cu-MOF polymer electrolyte at different current densities and capacities. A very stable polarization Figure 4.. (a()aP) hPohtogtoragprahpohf aofhyabhriydbcrriodssclrinoksseldinSkPeEdmSePmEbmraenme,brreapnroed, urecpedrowdiuthcepderwmiitshsiopnerfmroimssion Reference [96] Copyright 2018, Wiley−VCH. (b) Photograph of ETPTA-NaClO4-QSSE before and from Reference [96] Copyright 2018, Wiley−VCH. (b) Photograph of ETPTA-NaClO4-QSSE before after UV curing. (c) Ionic conductivity of ETPTA-NaClO4-QSSE under varying temperatures. (d) and after UV curing. (c) Ionic conductivity of ETPTA-NaClO4-QSSE under varying temperatures. Cycling profiles of the symmetrical battery at 0.1 mA cm−2 for 1 h, reproduced with permission from (d) Cycling profiles of the symmetrical battery at 0.1 mA cm−2 for 1 h, reproduced with permission Reference [99] Copyright 2021, Wiley−VCH. (e) Cycling profiles of the symmetric battery at differ- from Reference [99] Copyright 2021, Wiley−VCH. (e) Cycling profiles of the symmetric battery ent current densities, reproduced with permission from Reference [100] Copyright 2021, American at different current densities, reproduced with permission from Reference [100] Copyright 2021, Chemical Society. (f) Flame test of glass fiber saturated with 1.0 M NaClO4/PC and P(MVE-alt-MA), American Chemical Society. (f) Flame test of glass fiber saturated with 1.0 M NaClO4/PC and reproduced with permission from Reference [101] Copyright 2019, Springer Nature. Surface P(MVE-alt-MA), reproduced with permission from Reference [101] Copyright 2019, Springer Nature. Young’s modulus of (g) 2-GPH and (h) PH, reproduced with permission from Reference [102] Cop- Surface Young’s modulus of (g) 2-GPH and (h) PH, reproduced with permission from Reference [102] yright 2020, Wiley−VCH. Copyright 2020, Wiley−VCH. In addition, some functional polymer solid-state electrolytes were also being investi- gated. Yang et al. used poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (P(MVE-alt-MA)) as the polymer host, bacterial cellulose (BC) as the reinforcement, and triethyl phosphate (TEP)/vinylene carbonate (VC)/NaClO4) as a plasticizer to obtain the polymer electrolyte (BC-TEP/VC/ NaClO4) for NMBs [101]. They found that polymer electrolyte presented 12 of 26PDF Image | Recent Development for Sodium Metal Batteries
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