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Sodium-ion batteries present and future

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Sodium-ion batteries present and future ( sodium-ion-batteries-present-and-future )

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Review Article Chem Soc Rev Fig. 9 (a) Continuous charge and discharge curves of P2-Na0.67[Mg0.1Ni0.2Mn0.7]O2 and (b) in situ powder X-ray diffraction of P2-Na0.67[Mg0.1Ni0.2Mn0.7]O2 showing the reversible evolution of P2–OP4 phase transition at the end of the charge and beginning of the discharge. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 107, Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society.) (c) Continuous charge and discharge curves of P2-Na0.70[Mn0.60Ni0.30Co0.10]O2 in the voltage range of 1.5–4.3 V and (d) XRD patterns of the material recovered on both sides of the plateau: (a) after charge at 4.0 V and (b) after charge at 4.3 V, where G denotes graphite. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 114, Copyright 2014 The Electrochemical Society.) (e) Initial charge and discharge curves of P2-Na2/3[Mg0.28Mn0.72]O2 and (f) structural changes of P2-Nax[Mg0.28Mn0.72]O2 in the Na cells examined by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD). Highlighted SXRD patterns (marked by a dotted square) are also shown in the inset. Mg and Mn superlattice ordering is still visible after electrochemical cycle tests. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 120, Copyright 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry.) View Article Online Surface modification was performed on P2-Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 via wet milling in an Al-containing aqueous solution.123 Na-containing transition metals react very quickly when moisture is present. Although P2-Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 is stable in air, ion exchange between Na and H occurs when the reaction progresses in an aqueous medium. Optimized experimental conditions 3544 | Chem. Soc. Rev., 2017, 46, 3529--3614 This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Open Access Article. Published on 28 March 2017. Downloaded on 7/1/2019 3:41:21 AM. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.

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