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Sodium-ion Battery eLectrochemicaL energy Storage 1. Technical description A. Physical principles A Sodium-Ion (Na-Ion) Battery System is an energy storage system based on electrochemical charge/discharge reactions that occur between a positive electrode (cathode) composed of sodium-containing layered materials, and a negative electrode (anode) that is typically made of hard carbons or intercalation compounds. The electrodes are separated by some porous material which allow ionic flow between them and are immersed in an electrolyte that can be made up of either aqueous solution (such as Na2SO4 solution) or non-aqueous solution (e.g. salts in propylene carbonate). When the battery is being charged, Na atoms in the cathode release electrons to the external circuit and become ions which migrate through the electrolyte toward the anode, where they combine with electrons from the external circuit while reacting with the layered anode material. This process is reversed during discharge. Illustration: Charging principle of Na-Ion C. Design variants (non exhausitive) The following design variants are available: Different electrochemistries: 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 Layered Oxides NASICONs 50 100 Na 3 V2 (PO4 )2 F 3 Na2 FePO4 F Olivines 150 200 250 300 Gravimetric capacity (mAh/g) Charge Discharge B. Important components The main components are the following: Elementary cell composed of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte and separator Modules composed of serial or parallel assemblies of cells Battery systems composed of a large assemblies of cells or modules and of a control system Power Conversion System (PCS) Different electrolytes: aqueous or non aqueous Different design according to the size and the application Energy Storage Technology Descriptions - EASE - European Associaton for Storage of Energy Avenue LacombeĢ 59/8 - BE-1030 Brussels - tel: +32 02.743.29.82 - @EASE_ES - info@ease-storage.eu - www.ease-storage.euPDF Image | Sodium-ion Battery Energy Storage
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