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1.3 Metal-insulator transitions Figure 1.9: Schematic image of main metal-insulator transition types - Dependence of position of ligand p and metal d type bands is related to formation of different energy gaps. Adapted from (62) electrons with the oxygen p electrons together with electronic correlations result in a metallic or insulating stare. The last one is related to interaction of electrons in terms of their spin which move under different potential below N ́eel temperature (TN). This applies to TM compounds whose d electrons are often weakly localized. Below the TN the electrons that have opposite spins are stabilized by the AF ordering. The gap opens between electrons of opposite spins, while the Brillouin zone is reduced twice. In the Mott transition only one-electron atoms are considered. The electrons are said to feel the electrostatic potential of crystal lattice which changes depend- ing on their density in the solid state. The change in the electron density either caused by temperature or pressure induces the metal-insulator Mott transition. When the electron density is sufficiently small, smaller than a critical density, the material is an insulator. In other words, in the opposite - when the distances between atoms are sufficiently large, larger than critical distance a0, the mate- rial is an insulator (at zero temperature). The distance must not be too large as tunnelling would be prevented. In that situation electrons are enough far apart from each other to feel only the attracting force of the positively charged nucleus. 15PDF Image | Investigation of metal-insulator transition in magnetron sputtered samarium nickelate thin films
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