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4.3 Nickel electronic structure across the MIT T,K 1 2 3 7 8 9 1/2 7/8 2-1 8-7 308 853.66 855.6 858 871 873 877 0.24 0.09 1.94 2.0 123 855.16 856.5 858 872 873.4 876 0.34 0.34 1.34 1.4 303 854.29 855.6 858 872 873.1 877 0.21 0.17 1.31 1.1 393 854.36 855.6 858 872 873.2 877 0.25 0.19 1.24 1.2 683 854.23 855.5 858 872 873.1 876 0.18 0.23 1.27 1.1 Table 4.2: The details of fitting of nickel spectra of S-36AOw sample for various temperatures. The position of fitted peak maximum, area ratio between constituent lines and energy displacement for each temperature are calculated. higher noise, as opposed to high temperature measurements. Although slight, the change in the shape and ratio of constituent peaks in main 2p3/2 as well as 2p1/2 multiplet lines is evidenced. At low temperatures the 2p3/2 line visibly consists of at least two peaks. That separation becomes less prominent as temperature of the sample increases. Detailed data is presented in table 4.2. Although the line position may not be best described due to errors while ap- plying shift setup, the line separation is a meaningful parameter that can be used for comparison of data for various temperatures. As far as the area ratio of lines ascribed to Ni3+δ and Ni3−δ nickel states it is a bit more difficult to be used for comparison, mostly because the lines are probably composed of other individual lines. Whereas line position displacement, calculated as a difference between po- sitions of maximum amplitude of both mentioned lines, is less sensitive to a true internal structure of the peak. A general conclusion can be drawn from presented results, that the higher the temperature, the smaller becomes the displacement between constituent peaks of Ni 2p3/2 line. It is also noticeable that for the first measurement at room temperature the nickel spectrum is slightly different. This may be due to possible surface damage during mechanical processing. The damage involving broken nickel bonds may disappear at higher temperatures when the structure of the spectrum changes and a measurement repeated at room temperature does not yield quite the same spectrum. Another explanation would be that there is a hysteresis of nickel state in SNO lattice. The much thinner S-12AOw sample, of estimated 100 nm in thickness, was a bit more difficult to measure. Effects of charge build-up were stronger and the signal-to-noise ratio was much lower. Especially at low temperature, despite 109PDF Image | Investigation of metal-insulator transition in magnetron sputtered samarium nickelate thin films
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