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4.4 Discussion on nickel electronic state Figure 4.19: Temperature dependence of nickel 2p multiplet spectra for sample S-42Aw - A distinct splitting of 2p3/2 envelope is evident in initial spec- trum at room temperature, this splitting disappears in the course of heating and does not occur in the re-measured spectrum at RT. 4.4 Discussion on nickel electronic state The electronic spectrum of nickel 2p line is complicated regardless of studied compound. Various studies as well as calculations have shown that the multiplet spectrum is best fitted with a multiple-component envelope for any chemical state of nickel, whether it is metallic nickel, Ni+, Ni2+, Ni3+, Ni4+. A true assignment of constituent peaks to multiplet Ni2p envelope in SmNiO3 compound would re- quire performing advanced calculations that take into account the effects of the solid state, effects of reduced dimensions, non-zero temperature and possible co- existence of several chemical states. This work does not include such calculations therefore a reduced peak assignment at each spectrum was used. In such reduced spectrum possible existing groups of constituent peaks were approximated by a single Gauss-Lorentz curve, and number of curves was strictly dependent of ex- perimental necessity - each inflexion point in Ni 2p spectrum was given one line. This way a minimum number of curves was used to fit obtained spectra. Because of difficulties in attribution of peaks and the structure of Ni 2p lines, 113PDF Image | Investigation of metal-insulator transition in magnetron sputtered samarium nickelate thin films
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