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5. CONCLUSIONS were evidenced in whole temperature range of measurements, however they were more rapid in the low to room temperature range. Further increase in temperature triggered comparably smaller changes in the energy shift. Yet, this separation was still present at high temperatures, above the transition. Such behaviour supports the theory of charge disproportion effect. Although this effect was also present in unannealed films that did not hold the proper structure. I assume, that the effect most likely appeared locally at chosen sites of better stoichiometry. At the same time, the same change visible on the metallic conductivity would require a com- mon change appearing across whole sample volume. Such changes were evidenced in other compounds from the nickelate family. In neodymium nickelate thin films, where changes in peak position and relative intensity appeared with temperature variation (27). A shift towards higher binding energy at low temperature was observed for all films, with the highest shift in thickest (150 nm) film. However for those materials the largest change in line separation was observed for thickest film, unlike in SNO films in this work. To conclude, I have found that the ’magnitude’ of MI transition evidently depends on the thickness of SNO film. This magnitude’ of MI transition is un- derstood as a variation (change) of transition temperature, magnitude of Ra- man band softening and XPS peak energy separation. The thinner the film, the more prominent are the observed changes. The energy separation of XPS peaks is higher, thus the required temperature also increases. Stronger XPS effects for A films may stem from the possibly larger disorder and disturbed stoichiometry than corresponding AO films. At the same time, at the higher temperatures, this separation becomes lower than for other films which may indicate that structural changes can appear more easily in a polycrystalline material. 120PDF Image | Investigation of metal-insulator transition in magnetron sputtered samarium nickelate thin films
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