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2 Priority Research Directions in Next Generation Electrical Energy Storage The workshop discussion identified five Priority Research Directions (PRDs) that define the basic research needed to develop energy-relevant technologies based on next generation electrical energy storage. Each PRD is discussed in depth with the associated research thrusts in this chapter. As background, Chapter 3 of the report provides an in-depth assessment of the status of research in the field of electrical energy storage. TABLE 1: LIST OF PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED RESEARCH THRUSTS Link complex electronic, electrochemical, and physical phenomena across time and space What modeling frameworks can express the spatiotemporal evolution of material-chemical systems across varying spatial and temporal scales? How can models inform experimental strategies to provide insight on electrochemical phenomena? ☐ Thrust2a:Createstate-of-the-artmodelingtechniquesandcharacterizationtools ☐ Thrust 2b: Integrate computational and characterization tools Revolutionize energy storage performance through innovative assemblies of matter What strategies can we use to exploit high-capacity electrode materials and higher voltage electrolyte chemistries while ensuring reliable cycling? What approaches are needed to perform design, characterization, and simulation at the mesoscale? ☐ Thrust4a:Designandsynthesizenewmesoscalearchitectures ☐ Thrust4b:Developnewconceptsforlarge-scaleenergystorageandconversion 2 3 4 5 Tune functionality of materials and chemistries to enable holistic design for energy storage How can we understand the functionality of materials sufficiently to anticipate their behavior in electrochemical configurations? How can these insights inform the design of chemistries, materials, and structures for future energy storage? ☐ Thrust1a:Achievesimultaneoushighpowerandhighenergy ☐ Thrust1b:Developmultifunctionalsolidelectrolytesthatenablesafesolid-statebatteries ☐ Thrust1c:Identifynewbatterychemistriesbasedonenvironmentallybenign,safe,abundantmaterials Control and exploit the complex interphase region formed at dynamic interfaces Can we characterize the chemical and material reactions and behaviors that comprise dynamic interfaces? How can interfaces be designed and synthesized to enhance storage performance and/or mitigate degradation? ☐ Thrust 3a: Unravel interfacial complexity through in situ and operando characterization and theory ☐ Thrust 3b: Design solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) for function Promote self-healing and eliminate detrimental chemistries to extend lifetime and improve safety What drives the key degradation and failure mechanisms? How can these, and possible mitigation strategies, be revealed through modeling and characterization of representative and model systems? ☐ Thrust 5a: Conduct multi-modal in situ experiments to quantify degradation and failure ☐ Thrust 5b: Develop multi-physics, multi-scale, predictive continuum models for degradation and failure NEXT GENERATION ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE 1 PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTIONS 7PDF Image | Next Generation Electrical Energy Storage
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