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NEXT GENERATION ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE MEMBRANE DESIGN, SOLVATION MECHANISMS AND MOLECULAR ELECTROCATALYSTS FOR ENERGY STORAGE Top panel: Predictive understanding of highly correlated structural evolution over spatial and temporal continuum can help tailor the functional properties of membranes and electrolytes. Rational membrane modification can lead to alleviated crossover of redox species and superior ionic conductivity. Elucidating the nature of a redox molecule’s solvation process can give rise to high concentration electroactive materials and hence high energy density redox flow batteries. Image courtesy Wei Wang and Vijayakumar Murugesan, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Bottom panel: Storing energy in molecules using electrochemically catalyzed reactions. Efficient utilization of sustainable energy can be further promoted by designing novel battery architectures and new chemistries. In new electrochemical storage systems, the redox-active components can be extended to abundant and low-cost materials, such as H2O, N2, or CO2, based on molecular electrocatalysts. The electrochemical reactions at both the cathode and anode need be fast enough to avoid severe energy losses. Therefore, developing cost-effective, stable, and efficient electrocatalysts will play a critical role in realizing this vision of storing energy electrochemically in molecules within flow battery systems. From D.L. DuBois, Development of molecular electrocatalysts for energy storage, Inorg. Chem., 2014, 53 (8), 3935-3960. Microscopic Mesoscopic Atomistic 100 nm 10 nm 1 Å Charge Density 0.297 0.148 0.110 0.083 0.062 PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTION – 4 61PDF Image | Next Generation Electrical Energy Storage
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