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Bitcoin, Blockchain, and the Energy Sector specific technology used by cryptocurrency miners—ASICs—or could focus on computer and battery backup systems as defined within DOE’s proposed determination.109 DOE published energy conservation standards and test procedures for computer room air conditioners (CRACs) on May 16, 2012.110 According to the final rule, a CRAC is defined as: A basic model of commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment (packaged or split) that is: (1) Used in computer rooms, data processing rooms, or other information technology cooling applications; (2) rated for sensible coefficient of performance (SCOP) and tested in accordance with 10 CFR 431.96, and (3) not a covered consumer product under 42 U.S.C. 6291(1)–(2) and 6292. A computer room air conditioner may be provided with, or have as available options, an integrated humidifier, temperature, and/or humidity control of the supplied air, and reheating function.111 DOE established 30 different equipment classes for CRAC and set minimum requirements for each class. Initial compliance dates of October 29, 2012, or October 29, 2013, were established, depending upon the equipment class.112 DOE is required to review test procedures for covered products at least once every seven years.113 The frequency requirement for reviewing energy efficiency standards of covered products is no later than six years after issuance of a final rule.114 DOE issued a request for information regarding test procedures for CRACs on July 25, 2017.115 Voluntary Energy Efficiency Standards In addition to minimum national energy efficiency standards issued by DOE, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and DOE jointly administer the voluntary ENERGY STAR labeling program for energy-efficient products, homes, buildings, and manufacturing plants.116 ENERGY STAR has standards for miscellaneous residential and commercial electrical equipment—including computers and displays. ENERGY STAR also has specifications for enterprise servers, data storage equipment, small network equipment, large network equipment, and uninterruptible power supplies.117 Congress may consider whether ENERGY STAR 109 In response to stakeholder comments, DOE clarified that the proposed scope of coverage for computer and battery backup systems would only apply to consumer products (and not commercial products); see, DOE, “Energy Conservation Program: Proposed Determination of Computer and Battery Backup Systems as a Covered Consumer Product,” 79 Federal Register 11346, February 28, 2014. 110 Department of Energy, “Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial Equipment: Energy Conservation Standards and Test Procedures for Commercial Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Water-Heating Equipment,” 77 Federal Register 28928, May 16, 2012. 111 Ibid., p. 28948. 112 For further information, see Department of Energy, “Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial Equipment: Energy Conservation Standards and Test Procedures for Commercial Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Water-Heating Equipment,” 77 Federal Register 28928, May 16, 2012, p. 28982. In 2015, DOE issued a correction to the rule to address a typographical error; see Department of Energy, “Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial Equipment: Energy Conservation Standards and Test Procedures for Commercial Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Water-Heating Equipment; Correction,” 80 Federal Register 11857, March 5, 2015. 113 See Title 42, Chapter 77, Subchapter III, Subpart A, Section 6293 (b)(1) for frequency of review for test procedures. 114 See Title 42, Chapter 77, Subchapter III, Subpart A, Section 6295 (m)(1) for frequency of review for energy efficiency standards. 115 DOE, “Energy Conservation Program for Certain Commercial and Industrial Equipment: Test Procedure for Certain Categories of Commercial Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment,” 82 Federal Register 34427, July 25, 2017. 116 For more information on ENERGY STAR, see CRS In Focus IF10753, ENERGY STAR Program, by Corrie E. Clark. 117 ENERGY STAR, “Institute an ENERGY STAR Purchasing Policy,” https://www.energystar.gov/products/ Congressional Research Service 20PDF Image | Bitcoin, Blockchain, and the Energy Sector 2019
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