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THE ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT Figure 5. Cryptocurrency Mining Methods: Detection of legitimate cryptocurrency mining tools on a network does not necessarily constitute authorized use. BINARY-BASED MINING Executable cryptocurrency mining application Legitmate App: XMRig, CGminer, MultiMiner Past Illicit Exmples Include: PyRoMine, Adylkuzz, Smorinru BROWSER-BASED MINING Script that performs cryptocurrency mining functions loaded in a web browser Legitimate Script: Coinhive, JSECoin, Crypto-Loot Past Illicit Exmples Include: The Pirate Bay, Showtime, Starbucks Wi-Fi calculations. These calculations maintain and validate the transaction history of the distributed ledger (typically known as a blockchain). As the cryptocurrency network grows, the calculations become more difficult. This makes individual machines less likely to be able to solve the equations with their limited processing power. Therefore, miners need to have high-powered computing setups specifically for the purposes of mining (mining rigs, typically used for Bitcoin or Ethereum) or to collaborate as a group and pool together their CPU power, splitting the coins that the pool mines among the group. This is known as pool mining. Pool mining helps to make illicit cryptocurrency mining possible, since victim machines with normal processing power can work together to mine coins. III. THE CURRENT STATE OF ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING Mining is necessary to produce cryptocurrencies and is performed every day by willing participants in the hopes of promoting and improving a specific cryptocurrency while gaining a monetary profit. Cryptocurrency mining becomes an illegal activity when another party uses computing processing power without the owner’s authorization and consent. Currently, cryptocurrency mining operations are mostly conducted in one of two ways: as a compiled executable program or application that runs on a device (called “binary-based mining”), or entirely within the browser, via the JavaScript engine (called “browser- based mining”). For each of these, mining can be done legitimately or illicitly, as shown in Figure 5, often with the same software. For example, a user could install a binary-based miner on their personal computer, such as XMRig, to mine currency for themselves, or a malicious actor could gain access through spear phishing and load XMRig to an unknowing participant’s system and have the mined currency deposited into the malicious actor’s wallet. Browser-based mining provides another example. Let’s imagine that a user navigates to a website and, within a brief period, notices that their computer fans begin to increase in speed. Further inspection reveals that navigating to this website has caused their CPU speeds to grow increasingly high. Upon inspecting the source code of the webpage, the script below is identified: 10PDF Image | ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT
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