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THE ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT Another example of binary-based mining took place in January 2018, when Palo Alto Networks discovered more than 15 million infected users as part of a widespread mining campaign19. Figure 7 shows the victim telemetry of this campaign. The campaign leveraged malicious advertisements to initially infect the users. Through custom malware and scripts used by the attackers, the XMRig Monero binary was ultimately downloaded and run on the victims’ systems. HOW ILLICIT BROWSER-BASED MINING WORKS Browser-based mining occurs when a script that performs cryptocurrency mining functions loads in a web browser. The script may be loaded from the same web server hosting the site, or it may be hosted elsewhere and loaded in parallel with the page. Cryptocurrency mining scripts hosted on a website may have been put there by the site owners, but often, the cryptocurrency mining script ends up on these sites by someone actively exploiting vulnerabilities in popular content management systems (CMS) platforms, such as WordPress and Drupal. The most common browser-based cryptocurrency miner is CoinHive, which is marketed as a legitimate alternative to browser ad revenue where users exchange their web-browsing resources for either internet access or an ad-free experience. The method in which CoinHive is implemented determines whether its use is legitimate (a website knowingly adds CoinHive code and informs its users) or illicit (a website does not inform users about ongoing mining operations using their browser or malicious actors compromise unsuspecting websites with CoinHive). As of July 2, 2018, a public search via PublicWWW, yielded roughly 23,000 websites with CoinHive source code visible (Figure 8). Websites’ use of cryptocurrency mining to earn revenue is still relatively new. Last year, Showtime, Figure 7. 2017 victim telemetry on a large-scale binary-based cryptocurrency mining campaign leveraging XMRig, courtesy of Palo Alto Networks 2.5M 2M 1.5M 1M 0.5M 0 Oct 29 Nov 12 Nov 26 Dec 10 Dec 24 Figure 8. CoinHive search via PublicWWW. This shows the results of searching for CoinHive JavaScript code in public websites, so not all websites should be considered to be compromised. 19 https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-large-scale-monero-cryptocurrency-mining-operation-using-xmrig/ 20 https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/26/16367620/showtime-cpu-cryptocurrency-monero-coinhive 21 https://torrentfreak.com/the-pirate-bay-website-runs-a-cryptocurrency-miner-170916/ a premium cable television station, was discovered running CoinHive cryptocurrency mining operations in secret, using their own popular website20. The Pirate Bay also experimented with using CoinHive as an alternative to advertising revenue on its site.21 Both sites received negative responses by their user base for not disclosing their cryptocurrency 12 Victim ClicksPDF Image | ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT
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