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THE ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT Figure 11. VBS script used to execute the XMRig executable with a max of 20% CPU utilization It should be noted that CoinHive has since released a new API called AuthedMine that explicitly requires user input for any mining activity to be allowed. According to Malwarebytes, the opt-in version of their API was barely used in comparison to the silent one.28 RECENT CHANGES IN THE SOPHISTICATION OF ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING As cryptocurrency miner malware authors evolve and grow, they continue to hone and improve their skills to exploit devices, evade detection, and increase profits. To date, most of the illicit cryptocurrency mining activity observed so far could be described as going after “low-hanging fruit.” This includes targeting devices with exploits against old, unpatched, publicly- disclosed vulnerabilities, such as EternalBlue29, or taking advantage of spear-phishing attacks. However, malicious actors have begun to demonstrate various levels of sophistication when running mining software on a victim’s machines. Analysts have observed successful and widespread attackers “living off the land,” or employing legitimate functionality to download and execute miners that would be more difficult for an observer or antivirus to detect, such as the profitable and widespread Monero-mining campaign Smominru. More advanced actors typically employ command line pool miners and have demonstrated the ability to set the level of computing resources used for generating cryptocurrency. This can prevent a victim from noticing aberrant behavior on their machines. Novice attackers will commonly execute their mining software without any throttles or checks in place, resulting in the victim machine’s CPU or GPU maxing out and alerting the user relatively quickly that something is wrong. In the binary-based malware example in Figure 11, described by Palo Alto Networks, more sophisticated attackers configured their mining software to only use 20 percent of a machine’s CPU. While they decrease the rate at which they mine coins, they are more likely to stay on the infected machine longer by avoiding detection and ultimately still generate a good number of coins. Another interesting configuration was discovered in the MinerGate malware family (Figure 12). Based on currently unpublished analysis from Palo Alto Networks, this specific malware family allows attackers to look for indications of activity by the victim. In the event a mouse movement is discovered, the malware will suspend mining activities until such a time as the user is deemed to be inactive. 28 https://securityboulevard.com/2018/02/the-state-of-malicious-cryptomining/ 29 https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/smominru-monero-mining-botnet-making-millions-operators 14PDF Image | ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT
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