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THE ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT Fortinet’s analysis of the PowerGhost malware includes several interesting methods for evading detection and maximizing resources while mining cryptocurrency. PowerGhost uses spear phishing to gain initial access into a network, and then leverages Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), theft of Window credentials, and the EternalBlue exploit to spread. Once PowerGhost has infected a system, it attempts to disable antivirus programs such as Windows Defender, disables other competing illicit cryptocurrency miners that may be present on the machine to ensure it maximizes CPU usage for itself, and disables the computer’s sleep and hibernation modes to maximize mining time. CTA assesses that illicit cryptocurrency miners will continue to make additional tweaks to their approaches to evade detection and remain persistent over time, but the small amount of revenue generated per infected machine will limit the use of more sophisticated techniques. For example, we do not expect that actors would leverage costly and rare zero-day exploits for illicit cryptocurrency mining, as the cost will outpace the revenue they receive. This assessment assumes that cryptocurrency values will not dramatically increase over the short-term. IV. IMPACTS OF ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING CTA believes that illicit cryptocurrency mining poses an immediate and long-term threat to both enterprises and end-users. Compared with well- established cybercrime activities such as data theft and ransomware, mining is simpler, more straightforward, and less risky. A cryptocurrency miner, which just needs to be dropped to start generating revenue, is much less likely to get noticed Figure 12. Minergate builder configuration options by the victim. Organizations and individuals must take the threat of illicit cryptocurrency mining seriously, as the impact and underlying security issues that foster it have an effect that is greater than many realize. This section explores the impacts of illicit mining, which include: • Inherent security practices that enabled the initial infection and could lead to more disruptive attacks • Physical damage and stress to infected endpoints • Negative impacts to business operations and productivity Organizations should also consider the easy revenue that illicit cryptocurrency mining provides to malicious actors. While this may not directly impact their organization, this influx of money could be used for future, more sophisticated operations by threat actor groups in terms of retooling, purchasing infrastructure, and conducting operations. For instance, several large-scale cryptocurrency mining botnets (Smominru30, Jenkins Miner31, Adylkuzz32) have made millions of dollars. We can be sure that 30 https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/smominru-monero-mining-botnet-making-millions-operators 31 https://research.checkpoint.com/jenkins-miner-one-biggest-mining-operations-ever-discovered/ 32 https://blog.avast.com/meet-adylkuzz-cryptocurrency-mining-malware-spreading-using-the-same-exploit-as-wannacry 15PDF Image | ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT
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