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Table 8-1. The structure of a “normal” transaction input Size 32 bytes 4 bytes 1-9 bytes (VarInt) Variable 4 bytes Field Transaction Hash Output Index Unlocking-Script Size Unlocking-Script Sequence Number Description Pointer to the transaction containing the UTXO to be spent The index number of the UTXO to be spent, first one is 0 Unlocking-Script length in bytes, to follow A script that fulfills the conditions of the UTXO locking-script. Currently-disabled Tx-replacement feature, set to 0xFFFFFFFF The generation transaction input, however, looks like this: Table 8-2. The structure of a generation transaction input Size 32 bytes 4 bytes 1-9 bytes (VarInt) Variable 4 bytes Field Transaction Hash Output Index Coinbase Data Size Coinbase Data Sequence Number Description All bits are zero: Not a transaction hash reference All bits are ones: 0xFFFFFFFF Length of the Coinbase Data, from 2 to 100 bytes Arbitrary Data used for extra nonce and mining tags In v2 blocks, must begin with block height Set to 0xFFFFFFFF In a generation transaction, the first two fields are set to values that do not represent a UTXO reference. Instead of a “Transaction Hash”, the first field is filled with 32 bytes all set to zero. The “Output Index” is filled with 4 bytes all set to 0xFF (255 decimal). The “Unlocking Script” is replaced by coinbase data, an arbitrary data field used by the miners. Coinbase Data Generation transactions do not have an unlocking script (a.k.a. scriptSig) field. Instead, this field is replaced by coinbase data, which must be between 2 and 100 bytes. Except for the first few bytes (see below) the rest of the coinbase data can be used by miners in any way they want; it is arbitrary data. In the genesis block, for example, Satoshi Nakamoto added the text “The Times 03/Jan/ 2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks” in the coinbase data, using it as a proof of the date and to convey a message. Currently, miners use the coinbase data to include extra nonce values and strings identifying the mining pool, as we will see in the following sections. The first few bytes of the coinbase used to be arbitrary, but that is no longer the case. As per Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 34 (BIP0034), version-2 blocks (blocks with the version field set to 2) must contain the block height index as a script “push” operation in the beginning of the coinbase field. Aggregating Transactions into Blocks | 189PDF Image | Mastering Bitcoin
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