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AI 2021, 2, FOR PEER REVIEW 49116 Figure 19. Actual and predicted price of LTC using the bi-LSTM model. Figure 19. Actual and predicted price of LTC using the bi-LSTM model. 5.1. Results for BTC The MThAePaEccuofratchiesGoRf tUhemseomdeoldieslsthfoerlBoTwCesctrywpitohcuarrveanlucyeaorfe0ta.2b4u5l4ataenddinthTeabRleM2S.EThise 1M7A4.1P2E9.oTfhtheereGfoRreU,GmRoUdeisl imsothreclaopwaebsltewofitphreadvicatliunegoBfT0C.2t4re5n4dasntdhathneLRSTMMSEorisb1i-7L4S.1T2M9., with a small difference between it and the LSTM model. Figures 11–13 show a visual Therefore, GRU is more capable of predicting BTC trends than LSTM or bi-LSTM, with a 5.1. Results for BTC The accuracies of these models for BTC cryptocurrency are tabulated in Table 2. representation, comparing the actual and predicted values of the training dataset of the small difference between it and the LSTM model. Figures 11–13 show a visual represen- three models for BTC. tation, comparing the actual and predicted values of the training dataset of the three mod- Results presented in Figure 11 compare the actual and LSTM-predicted price of BTC. els for BTC. The graph shows that the predicted and the actual price is approximately the same over the entire interval. This model is considered the second-best model. The mean absolute Results presented in Figure 11 compare the actual and LSTM-predicted price of BTC. percentage error for the prediction model (MAPE) of BTC for LSTM is 1.1234%, and the The graph shows that the predicted and the actual price is approximately the same over root mean square error (RMSE) is 410.399. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that the the entire interval. This model is considered the second-best model. The mean absolute predicted price has a mean value of 38,173.258 USD, a maximum value of 64,358.805 USD, percentage error for the prediction model (MAPE) of BTC for LSTM is 1.1234%, and the and a minimum value of 12,775.013 USD, whereas the actual price has a mean value of root mean square error (RMSE) is 410.399. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that the 38,249.388 USD, a maximum value of 63,380.999 USD, and a minimum value of 12,941.0 predicted price has a mean value of 38,173.258 USD, a maximum value of 64,358.805 USD, USD. The mean difference between the mean values of the actual and the predicated prices and a minimum value of 12,775.013 USD, whereas the actual price has a mean value of is 76.13 USD. 38,249.388 USD, a maximum value of 63,380.999 USD, and a minimum value of 12,941.0 Figure 12 illustrates the comparison between the actual and the predicted price of BTC USD. The mean difference between the mean values of the actual and the predicated using the GRU model. The graph shows that the difference between the predicted and the prices is 76.13 USD. actual price is virtually non-existent along the testing set, with very small differences in Figure 12 illustrates the comparison between the actual and the predicted price of the top few peaks of the time series. This model is considered to be the best. The mean BTC using the GRU model. The graph shows that the difference between the predicted absolute percentage error for the prediction model (MAPE) of the GRU model for BTC is and the actual price is virtually non-existent along the testing set, with very small differ- 0.2454%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) is 174.29. Statistical analysis of the data ences in the top few peaks of the time series. This model is considered to be the best. The indicates that the predicted price has a mean value of 38,333.36 USD, a maximum value mean absolute percentage error for the prediction model (MAPE) of the GRU model for of 63,870.605 USD, and a minimum value of 12,936.112 USD, whereas the actual price has BTC is 0.2454%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) is 174.29. Statistical analysis of a mean value of 38,249.388 USD, a maximum value of 63,380.999 USD, and a minimum the data indicates that the predicted price has a mean value of 38,333.36 USD, a maximum value of 12,941.0 USD. The mean difference between the mean values of the actual and the value of 63,870.605 USD, and a minimum value of 12,936.112 USD, whereas the actual predicated prices is 83.97 USD. price has a mean value of 38,249.388 USD, a maximum value of 63,380.999 USD, and a The results in Figure 13 illustrate the comparison between the actual and the predicted minimum value of 12,941.0 USD. The mean difference between the mean values of the price of BTC under the bi-LSTM model. It indicates a greater difference between the actual actual and the predicated prices is 83.97 USD. and the predicted price compared with the LSTM and GRU models. The mean absolute The results in Figure 13 illustrate the comparison between the actual and the pre- percentage error prediction model (MAPE) from bi-LSTM for BTC is 5.990% and the root dicted price of BTC under the bi-LSTM model. It indicates a greater difference between mean square error (RMSE) is 2927.006. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that the the actual and the predicted price compared with the LSTM and GRU models. The mean predicted price has a mean value of 36,735.137 USD, a maximum value of 59,885.746 USD, absolute percentage error prediction model (MAPE) from bi-LSTM for BTC is 5.990% and and a minimum value of 12,941.0 USD, whereas the actual price has a mean value of the root mean square error (RMSE) is 2927.006. Statistical analysis of the data indicates 38,249.388 USD, a maximum value of 63,380.999 USD, and a minimum value of 13,655.032PDF Image | Novel Cryptocurrency Price Prediction Model Using GRU
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