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Dovepress Formation of curcumin nanoparticles by the seDs process a 24 full factorial experiment, was designed and conducted, as shown in Table 1. According to FFD, there are 16 experi- ments (shown in Table 2). The MINITAB software version 15 was applied to set the experiments and analyze the experimental data. surface morphology, particle size, and particle size distribution The surface morphology of curcumin nanoparticles was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) (JSM-6490; JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). Before analysis, samples were attached onto carbon paint and placed on an aluminum sample holder. These samples were then gold sputter-coated under argon prior to imaging. Curcumin nanoparticles were made conductive by sputtering a thin layer of gold onto their surface. The particle size and particle size distribution of the samples were analyzed by SmileView software from the SEM photographs. Table 2 experimental design and results of full factorial design Figure 1 schematic diagram of the seDs process. Abbreviation: seDs, solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical carbon dioxide (cO2); P, pressure; T, temperature; hPlc, high performance liquid chromatography. Table 1 experimental factors and levels Symbols Factors a Pressure (MPa) B Temperature (°c) c Flow rate of solution (ml⋅min-1) D concentration (%) Coded level -1 +1 10 20 35 45 0.5 1 0.5 1 Run A order 1 1 2 1 3 -1 4 1 5 -1 6 1 7 -1 8 1 9 -1 10 1 11 -1 12 1 13 -1 14 1 15 -1 16 1 B C D -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mean size SD (nm) 389 61 325 21 694 64 337 12 547 44 386 16 1,024 58 370 4 427 53 368 24 483 9 372 53 374 19 334 30 899 163 692 118 Notes: Precipitation pressure (A), precipitation temperature (B), flow rate of curcumin solution (C), concentration of curcumin solution (D). International Journal of Nanomedicine 2015:10 Notes: Precipitation pressure (A), precipitation temperature (B), flow rate of curcumin solution (C), concentration of curcumin solution (D). submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com Dovepress 3173PDF Image | curcumin nanoparticles via dispersion by supercritical cO2
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