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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5638 8 of 14 Table 1. Cont. Matrix Carboxymethyl cellulose Poly (lactic acid)/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Alginate or carrageenan Banana starch Gelatin Mucilage of Melissa officinalis seed/montmorillonite Mucilage of Lallemantia iberica seed Carboxymethylated guar gum grafted gelatin Chitosan Chitosan nanoparticles Cellulose nanofibers/chitosan Carboxymethylcellulose Alginate Effects/Results Positively affected: UV-barrier properties and antioxidant activity.Negatively affected: mechanical proprieties and transparency Positively affected: solubility and elongation at breakNegatively affected: tensile strength Lipid digestion and curcumin release was retarded upon encapsulation. Positively affected: water vapor permeability, and elongation at break. Positively affected: antioxidant activity. Positively affected: antimicrobial activity. Positively affected: water vapor permeability, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Positively affected: antimicrobial activity. Positively affected: yellowness, light barriers, moisture content, water solubility, water vapor permeability, and antioxidant activity. Positively affected: antioxidant activity and inhibit lipid oxidation of fresh pork. Positively affected: edible coating materials were effective in reducing mass loss, firmness loss, respiration rate, and microbial count of the kiwifruits during storage life. Negatively affected: water vapor permeability and tensile strength. Positively affected: antioxidant activity and inhibit lipid oxidation of fresh pork, beef, and chicken. Reference Roy and Rhim et al. [93] Gunathilake et al. [92] Zhang et al. [93] Sanchez et al. [99] Musso, Salgado and Mauri [15] Rostami and Esfahani [95] Taghinia, Abdolshahi, Sedaghati and Shokrollahi [96] Manna, Mitra, Pramanik, Kavitha, Gnanamani, and Kundu [97] Rachtanapun et al. [100] Shen et al. [101] Ghosh et al. [102] Bourbon et al. [103] Bojorges, Ríos-Corripio, Hernández-Cázares, Hidalgo-Contreras, and Contreras-Oliva [26] Once curcumin is ingested, several biological and chemical factors slow its delivery to target sites. Problems that limit the effectiveness and usefulness of curcumin include its low bioavailability, which is attributed to its insolubility in water and the rapid metabolism of inactive metabolites [20]. Curcumin is an oil-soluble compound that is practically insoluble at room temperature in water at acidic and neutral pH. Although it is alkaline soluble, it is very susceptible to self-degradation [104]. In the GIT, curcumin binds strongly to mucus, further delaying epithelial cell uptake and subjecting curcumin to auto-oxidation and oxidative degradation [105]. Curcumin-loaded films, as happened in functional-edible-films, can improve the re- lease of this molecule under alkaline conditions owing to the emulsifying capacity of polymers and/or surfactants. The solubility of curcumin increases with increasing con- centrations of polymers and/or surfactants in aqueous media. They not only increase the effectiveness but also increase the bioavailability of curcumin by optimally permeating the small intestine and preventing possible degradation in the GIT [106].PDF Image | Edible Bioactive Film with Curcumin
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