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global semiconductor production has fallen from 37 per- cent to just 12 percent over the last 30 years.” The Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America (CHIPS) Act is one piece of legislation that looks to bolster domestic semiconductor chip production. The act would establish a set of programs to provide incentives and encourage investment in domestic R&D and manufacturing of semiconductor chips. While the CHIPS Act was approved in principle as part of the fiscal year 2021 National Defense Authorization Act, it did not receive any funding. The Senate included $52 billion in funding for the CHIPS programs in the U.S. Innovation and Competition Act (USICA), which passed in June 2021. On Feb. 4, 2022, the U.S. House of Representatives passed their response to the Senate’s USICA, a legislative package called the America COMPETES Act of 2022. The COMPETES Act also directly appropriates $52 billion for the semiconductor produc- tion and R&D initiatives that were authorized in CHIPS. Intel’s plans for Ohio In the midst of the ongoing shortage and funding delibera- tions, Intel’s announcement about building a manufacturing mega-site in New Albany is a major demonstration of the com- mitment that U.S. companies are making to bringing semicon- ductor manufacturing stateside. Intel’s immediate plan is to build at least two semiconduc- tor fabrication plants, or fabs, on a 1,000-acre site. These fabs would account for a third of the more than 3,000 acres that the city of New Albany is annexing from Jersey Township in Licking County to Intel. Intel will use these fabs to research, develop, and manufac- ture its most cutting-edge computer chips, employing at least 3,000 people. Construction will begin this year, and the plant should be operational by 2025. Intel plans to employ green building principles during construction and hopes to power the new factories with 100% renewable energy and achieve net positive water use. In addition, Intel says it plans to spend $100 million over the next 10 years to establish the Intel Ohio Semiconductor Center for Innovation, a partnership with universities and community colleges to build semiconductor-specific curricula. While these initial plans are ambitious, Intel chief execu- tive Pat Gelsinger hinted that the site could eventually grow to accommodate eight chip fabs, with spending potentially reach- ing around $100 billion over the next decade. It is believed this mighty goal, though, will rely on Congress funding the programs authorized in the CHIPS Act. Based on the fact both USICA and the COMPETES Act include $52 bil- lion for this purpose, it is likely the final legislative package will as well. n Industry survey lays out constraints to rare earth element supply diversification Renewable energy technologies are a major sector that relies on rare earth elements. Yet as demand for renewable energy increases, manufacturers are growing increasingly concerned about securing enough supply of these elements. Currently, China holds a monopoly on the world’s rare earth mining and refining processes. The possibility of China weaponizing this supply is a concern that became widely recog- nized in recent years. Diversifying the supply chain is a main approach that the rare earth industry is taking to ensure adequate supply. However, there are challenges to diversification, and a recent industry sur- vey provides an excellent rundown of these challenges. An international team of researchers from Monash University Malaysia, University of Moratuwa in Sri Lanka, Imperial College London, and the Rare Earth Industry Association in Belgium conducted the survey. They asked 30 rare earth industry experts to rate and rank 13 factors that hinder rare earth project developments outside of China, which they identified through a detailed literature survey on rare earth elements and the rare earth industry. The industry experts largely represent rare earth companies outside of China. “This sample size (i.e., 30) is significant as the American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 101, No. 2 | www.ceramics.org 19 RR Starbar and Moly-D elements are made in the U.S.A. with a focus on providing the highest quality heating elements and service to the global market. 58 years of service and reliability I Squared R Element Co., Inc. Phone: (716)542-5511 Email: sales@isquaredrelement.com www.isquaredrelement.comPDF Image | hydrogen as an alternative fuel
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