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9 PreclSlon and Accuracy 9 1 Forty-three analysts m nmeteen laboratones analyzed SIX synthetic water samples contammg exact mcrements of calcmm and magnesmm saits, with the followmg results Increment as Total Hardness mg/hter, CaC03 31 33 182 194 417 444 PreClSlon as Standard Deviation mg!hter, CaC03 287 252 487 298 965 973 Accuracy as Bias, Bias, % mg!hter, CaC03 -087 -0003 -073 -024 -019 -04 -104 -20 -335 -13 0 -323 -143 (FWPCA Method Study 1, Mmeral and PhyslCal Analyses) 92 In a smgle laboratory (EMSL), usmg surface water samples at an average concentratlOn of194mgCaC03!1,thestandarddevlatlOnwas ±3 93 A synthetic unknown sample contammg 610 mg!1 total hardness as CaC03 contnbuted by 108 mg!1 Ca and 82 mg!1 Mg, and the followmg supplementary substances 3 1 mg!1 K, 199 mg!1 Na, 241 mg!1 chlonde, 0 25 mg!1 mtnte N, 11 mg!1 mtrate N, 259 mg!1 sulfate, and 42 5 mg!1 total alkahmty (contnbuted by NaHC03) m dlstliled water was analyzed m 56 laboratones by the EDTA titnmetnc method with a relative standard devlatlOn of2 9% and a relative error of0 8% BiblIography 1 Standard Methods for the ExammatlOn of Water and Wastewater, 14th EdltlOn, p 202, Method 309B (1975) 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 31, "Wat.er", Standard D 1126-67, p 161, Method B (1976) 1302-5PDF Image | Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes
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