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8.4 For those Instruments WhICh do not read out dIrectly In concentratIOn, a calIbratiOn curve IS prepared to cover the approprIate concentratIOn range Usually, thIS means the preparatIOn of standards whIch produce an absorptIon of 0 to 80 percent The correct method IS to convert the percent absorptIOn readIngs to absorbance and plot that value agaInst concentratIon The folloWIng relatIOnshIp IS used to convert absorptiOn values to absorbance absorbance = log (lOO/%T) = 2-log % T where % T = 100-% absorptIon As the curves are frequently nonlInear, espeCIally at hIgh absorption values, the number ofstandards should be Increased In that portIOn ofthe curve 85 Method ofStandard AddItiOns In thIS method, equal volumes ofsample are added to a deIonIzed dIstIlled water blank and to three standards contaInIng dIfferent known amounts of the test element The volume of the blank and the standards must be the same The absorbance of each solutIOn IS determmed and then plotted on the vertICal aXIS of a graph, WIth the concentratiOns of the known standards plotted on the hOrIzontal axIS When the resultIng lIne IS extrapolated back to zero absorbance, the POInt of InterceptiOnoftheabSCIssaIStheconcentratIonoftheunknown TheabscIssaontheleft of the ordInate IS scaled the same as on the rIght SIde, but In the OppOSIte dIrectiOn from theordInate AnexampleofaplotsoobtaInedISshownInFIg 1 Cone of Sample Addn 0 No Addn Addn I Addn of50% of Expected Amount Concentration Addn 2 Addn of 100% Addn of 150% of Expflcted of Expected Amount Amounf G) () s:: c .. o II) .cPDF Image | Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes
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