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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Curcuma

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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Curcuma ( microwave-assisted-extraction-curcuma )

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Molecules 2021, 26, 1516 6 of 13 2.2. Characterization of the Extracted Curcuma longa L. Oil In the next sections, the chemical structure and composition of the Curcuma longa L. oil obtained by the two techniques are assessed and compared as well as the amount of total phenolic content and antioxidant properties. 2.2.1. Chemical Structure and Composition Figure 2 displays the ATR-FTIR spectra of Curcuma longa L. oils obtained by the MAE and Soxhlet methods. The two samples exhibited identical spectra, showing that similar compounds were obtained by both methods. The two samples showed a broad band around 3340 cm−1 corresponding to O–H stretching. The -CH3 and -CH2 stretching vibrations were observed around 2967 and 2925 cm−1, respectively [26,27]. The peak around 1680 cm−1 was attributed to C=O vibrations [27] and the peaks at 1624 cm−1 and 1600 cm−1 were assigned to the aromatic ring stretching (C=C) and to a mixture of C=C and C=O stretching, respectively [20,26,27]. The band at around 1430 cm−1 was ascribed to CH2 bending, while the peak around 1377 cm−1 was assigned to CH3 bending indicating the presence of curcuminoids [20]. The band observed near to 1034 cm−1 was attributed to C-OH stretching vibration [26]. The small peaks appearing around 879 cm−1 and 814 cm−1 were assigned to C–O vibrations and C–H vibrations out of the plane of the aromatic ring. These two peaks are important considering that they are characteristic of the species Curcuma longa L. [26,27]. Figure 2. ATR-FTIR spectra of the Curcuma longa L. oil extracted with microwave-assisted extraction (C-MAE) and Soxhlet method (C-S). Table 4 summarizes the volatile components of Curcuma longa L. oil extracted by the MAE and Soxhlet methods. The identification of the compounds was done by using the NIST library and the stat-of-the-art in this domain. Interestingly, the same compounds were obtained in almost the same proportions for both techniques. The main components obtained were ar-turmerone (33.78% MAE and 37.08% Soxhlet), turmerone (20.12% MAE and 18.15% Soxhlet) and β-turmerone, known as curlone (20.05% MAE and 19.22% Soxhlet). These data were comparable to those reported before in the literature using different

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