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Molecules 2021, 26, 1516 9 of 13 3.2. Extraction of Curcuma longa L. Oil 3.2.1. Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE)–Experimental Design General Experiment Procedure The MAE extraction was carried out in open vessel equipped with a condenser and heated by microwave (flexiWAVE, Milestone, Sorisole, Italy). The extractions were performed by using a Curcuma longa L./ EtOH ratio w/v of (g/mL) employing a ratio range of 1:20–1:5 g/mL (Tables 1 and 6). After the extractions, the solvent was removed with a rotary vacuum evaporator. The extraction yield was determined gravimetrically and the experiment at optimum point was triplicated. Table 6. List of the experimental variables involved in the microwave-assisted extraction of Curcuma longa L. oil. Independents Dependent Variables Reaction Time Microwave Power Ratio w/v (Curcuma longa L./EtOH) Curcuma oil yield Nomenclature Units t min P W R g/mL Y % Value or Range 10–30 150–250 1:20–1:5 − Experimental Design and Determination of the Optimal Extraction Conditions Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to analyse the effect of the reaction time (t, min), the microwave power (P, W) and the Curcuma longa L./EtOH ratio w/v (R, g/mL) on the extraction yield (Y). For the experimental design and optimisation, a Box- Behnken Design (BBD) was used, consisting of 15 experiments of which three correspond to replicates of the central point. The experimental design was prepared and the optimal conditions were predicted with the desirability function of the Statgraphics Centurion version XV software (StatPoint Technologies INC., Warrento, VA, USA). Table 6 shows the experimental variables (independents and dependents) used in the design and their values or range. The regression analysis function of Microsoft Excel Add-In (Microsoft, Washington, DC, WA, USA) was implemented to adjust the experimental data obtained in the experimental design. To adjust the experimental data, a second order polynomial equation was employed: kkk yj=β0+∑βiXi+∑βiiXi2+∑ ∑ βijXiXj+ε (2) i = 1 i=1 iPDF Image | Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Curcuma
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