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Karthikeyan et al. Nanocurcumin: A Promising Candidate for Therapeutic Applications TABLE 2 | Summary of curcumin nanoformulations and their therapeutic role. S. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Curcumin nanoformulation Liposomes Polymers Gold nanoparticles Magnetic nanoparticles Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) Conjugates Cyclodextrins Solid dispersions Micelles Nanospheres Description Liposomes are a spherical vesicle consisted of single or multiple phospholipid bilayers surrounding aqueous units that very closely resemble the cell membrane structure. It solubilizes curcumin in the phospholipidic bilayer and allows curcumin to be distributed in aqueous medium and increases the effect of curcumin. Polymers are another widely used effective drug delivery system for curcumin. It can able to improve the oral bioavailability and solubility of curcumin. Gold nanoparticles have own unique physical and chemical properties and various surface functionalities. It offers versatalite platform in drug delivery (curcumin) Magnetic nanoparticles used for multiple purposes including drug delivery (curcumin), hyperthermia, and quality imaging SLNs possess a lipid core matrix that can solubilize drug (curcumin) and the lipid core is steadied through emulsifiers. Normally SLN is spherical in shape. The complex formed from the joining together of two or more molecules, especially by covalent bond is referred as conjugates. Curcumin conjugation with small molecules and hydrophilic polymers increase its solubility and oral bioavailability Cyclodextrins are the bucket shaped oligosaccharides and well known solubilizing and stabilizing agent. It can solubilize the curcumin in a lipophilic cavity, and the outer hydrophilic surface assists in greater dispersion of the formulation. Solid dispersions are referred as one or more active component in an appropriate matrix. It can improve the bioavailability of poor water soluble drugs like curcumin. Micelles (20–100 nm) are normally colloidal dispersions made from amphiphilic molecule. It assist better solubilization and targeted delivery to curcumin. Nanospheres are known as solid matrix particles where in the main component (drug) is mixed, but microcapsule Models used Malaria, melanoma, renal ischemia, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer Wound healing and colorectal cancer Prostate and colorectal cancer cells Cancer and inflammatory cells Allergy, colitis and cerebral ischemia, and breast cancer lines Fibroblast cells, breast cancer, and amyloid fragments Bowel disease, lung, pancreatic, breast, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer cells Breast tumor, rat paw edema, and wound healing Lung tumor and colorectal cancer Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Major outcomes Increased the antimalarial and antimelanoma effects, greater encapsulation efficiency, excellent bioactivity, and anticancer activity Exhibited strong wound healing and long blood circulation, suppression of tumor growth, higher growth inhibition in cancer cells than free curcumin, and increased the cellular uptake and better anticancer activity Improved antioxidant activity, extended blood circulation, better solubility and stability, enhanced biocompatibility, and considerable anticancer activity Improved cellular uptake, potent targeting capability of curcumin, magnetic resonance imaging, effective protection against inflammatory agent, controlled curcumin delivery, excellent bio-compatibility, and anticancer activity Extended circulation of blood, increased anti-inflammatory effects, targeted and enhanced drug release in brain, and better anticancer activity Increased the solubility, stability and bioavailability, strong anti-cancer activity, higher stability and bioavailability, and anti-amyloid effects Developed bioavailability and increased solubility, improved antiproliferation, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects, increased the solubility, and formulated as eye drops. Prolonged survival, anti-tumor and anti- metastasis activity and prolonged survival, enhanced stability, bioavailability and anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and improvement of vaginal wound healing Bioavailability and solubility improved, prolonged life, targeted drug delivery, great chemical stability, and better antitumor and anticancer effects Exhibited strong antimicrobial and anti- cancer effects, effective target delivery and anti-amyloid effect References Basnet et al., 2012; Rogers et al., 2012; Tefas et al., 2017; Sesarman et al., 2018; Chen et al., 2019; Huang et al., 2019; Reddy et al., 2019; Vetha et al., 2019 Li et al., 2012; Anitha et al., 2014; Chaurasia et al., 2016; Xie et al., 2017; Moballegh Nasery et al., 2020 Singh et al., 2013b; Rejinold et al., 2015; Nambiar et al., 2018; Elbialy et al., 2019 Yallapu et al., 2012b; Bhandari et al., 2016; Saikia et al., 2017; Aeineh et al., 2018; Ayubi et al., 2019 Yadav et al., 2009; Kakkar et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2012; Kakkar et al., 2013; Bhatt et al., 2018; Wang W. et al., 2018; Fathy Abd- Ellatef et al., 2020 Manju and Sreenivasan, 2011; Singh et al., 2013a; Brahmkhatri et al., 2018 Yallapu et al., 2010; Yadav et al., 2012; Dandawate et al., 2012; Abruzzo et al., 2016; Ntoutoume et al., 2016; Nabih Maria et al., 2017; Guo, 2019 Liu et al., 2013; Teixeira et al., 2016; Silva et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019 Adhikary et al., 2010; Podaralla et al., 2012; Raveendran et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2015; Chang et al., 2016; Javadi et al., 2018; Chen S. et al., 2020 Arunraj et al., 2014; Liang et al., 2017; Huo et al., (Continued) Frontiers in Pharmacology | www.frontiersin.org 7 May 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 487PDF Image | Nanocurcumin Promising Candidate for Therapeutic Applications
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