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3110 Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2014, Vol. 35, No. 10 Notes modified CO2.14,15 Effect of Extraction Time. In order to determine the optimal extraction time, the extraction time was varied from 90 min to 150 min by the interval of 30 min (Table 4). As can be seen in Table 4, when the extraction time was increased from 90 min to 120 min, the extraction yield of curcumins increased from 26.45 mg/g to 31.07 mg/g. However, no significant increase between 120 min and 150 min was made. Therefore, to have a rapid extraction of curcumins from a curry powder, we selected a shorter extraction time (120 min) as the optimum extraction time. Comparison with Solvent Extraction. For the com- parison, curcumins were extracted using the conventional solvent extraction method. The solvent used was methanol since methanol was reported as the most efficient solvent for the extraction of curcumins.16 The extraction procedure was the same as that described in the literature.16 The amounts of extracted curcumins were 17.82 mg/g curcumin, 4.09 mg/g DMC and 2.82 mg/g BDMC. The total amounts of extracted curcumins were 24.73 mg/g. In conclusion, curcumins were successfully extracted with a ethanol modified supercritical CO2 fluid (3.0 mL/min CO2 + 0.3 mL/min ethanol) at 60 oC and 250 atm. Under these conditions, the extracted amount of curcumins was 31.07 mg from 1 g of curry powder. In the case of using solvent extraction, only 24.73 mg of curcumins was extracted from 1 g of curry powder. The CO2-ethanol fluid system gave a higher extraction efficiency than a solvent extraction system for the extraction of curcumins from a curry powder. By use of SFE, sample handling steps are minimized, thus reducing the possible losses of curcumins and saving analysis time. No clean-up steps are employed since the SFE with ethanol modified CO2 gives clean extracts which can be easily analyzed with HPLC. Acknowledgments. This study was supported by 2013 Research Grant from Kangwon National University (No. 120131229). References 1. Eigner, D.; Scholz, D. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999, 67, 1. 2. Joe, B.; Lokesh, B. R. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1994, 1224, 255. 3. Brouet, I.; Oshima, H. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1994, 206, 533. 4. Chan, M. M.; Huang, H. I.; Fenton, M. R.; Fong, D. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1998, 55, 1955. 5. Araujo, C.; Leon, L. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo. Cruz. 2001, 96, 723. 6. Bartine, H.; Tanaoui-Elaraki, A. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 1997, 16, 61. 7. Barthelemy, S.; Vergnes, L.; Moynier, M.; Guyot, D.; Labidalle, S.; Bahraoui, E. Res. Virol. 1998, 149, 43. 8. Chassagnez-Mendez, A. L.; Machado, N. T.; Araujo, M. E.; Maia, J. G.; Meireles, M. A. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2000, 39, 4729. 9. Maksimovic, S.; Kesic, Z.; Lukic, I.; Milovanovic, S.; Ristic, M.; Skala, D. J. Supercrit. Fluids 2013, 84, 1. 10. Kim, G.; Hwang, H. Korean Patent KR-10-2013-0013686. 11. McHugh, M. A.; Krukonis, V. J. in Supercritical Fluid Extraction; Principles and Practice, 2nd ed.; Butterworth-Heinemann: Boston, 1986. 12. Sugiyama, K.; Saito, M.; Hondo, T.; Senda, M. J. Chromatogr. 1985, 332, 107. 13. Schneiderman, M. A.; Sharma, A. K.; Locke, D. C. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1988, 26, 458. 14. Nemoto, S.; Sasaki, K.; Toyoda, M.; Saito, Y. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1997, 35, 467. 15. Bahramifar, N.; Yamini, Y.; Shamsipur, M. J. Supercrit. Fluids 2005, 35, 205. 16. Kulkarni, S. J.; Maske, K. N.; Budre, M. P.; Mahajan, R. P. Int. J. Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Tech. 2012, 1, 2277.PDF Image | Rapid and Efficient Extraction of Curcumins SCO2
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