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supercritical extraction process was higher when submitting the rhizomes of turmeric to a drying pretreatment at 343 K and using ethanol as co-solvent. The chemical identification of curcuminoids (expressed in terms of curcumin) in both the extract and residual solid has been performed by spectrophotometry, the curcuminoids (curcumin, DMC and BDMC) by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), while the essential oil from the turmeric oilresin has been performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The mathematical model has fitted well the experimental data for the extraction experiments with supercritical CO2. Keywords: Extraction, Supercritical Fluids, Natural Products, Turmeric, Curcumins. 1. INTRODUCTION The rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa, L.) are one of the most important natural sources of yellow color. The pigments responsible for the yellow color characteristic in the oilresin of turmeric are the curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyfenil)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-diona) and two curcuminoids (desmethoxy-curcumin: DMC and bis-desmethoxy-curcumin: BDMC) (Govindarajan, 1980; Taylor and McDowell, 1992). These pigments are largely used in the food industry as substitutes of synthetic dyes like tartrazin. In addition, pharmacological investigations have shown that curcumin acts as a bactericide and anti-inflammatory agent (Ammon and Wahl, 1991). Curcumin is a yellow-orange crystalline powder insoluble in water and ether but soluble in low chain alcohol as ethanol and methanol, acetone, acetic acid and dichloromethane. The extraction yield of oilresin from the rhizomes of turmeric using organic solvents as ethanol, acetone and dichloromethane lies between 5 and 13 [wt.%]. In general, the extraction of oilresin from the rhizomes of turmeric is performed using ethanol or acetone as solvent (Krishnamurthy et al., 1976). Nevertheless, the relative high extraction yield obtained using acetone and ethanol, the solvent extraction may be avoided in the future as the standard procedure to obtain the curcuminoids since these pigments are unstable, and hence degrade, when submitted to extraction with organic solvents at elevated temperature for long time. In addition, the content of residual solvent in the extracts contributes to the drawback of solvent extraction if solvents other than water are used. The supercritical separation technology using carbon dioxide as solvent makes possible not only the design of environment-friendly processes, but also the processing of biological materials (carbon dioxide has a relative low critical temperature) and the possibility to obtain products free of solvent residuals. Since the development of the process for the recovering of caffeine from coffee (Zosel, 1974) and the extraction of the essence of hops (Laws et al., 1980), the extraction of natural products with carbon dioxide in the near or supercritical state has received much attention.PDF Image | SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION OF CURCUMINS
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