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Table 1 shows that the maximum yield and the minimum solvent consumption for the extractions with supercritical CO2 was achieved at 30 MPa and 318 K for the rhizomes submitted to a drying previous treatment at 343 K. The addition of ethanol as co-solvent on the second extraction series has improve largely the extraction yield as well as minimized the solvent consumption. Nevertheless, the addition of a co-solvent implies the need of another separation step, as the co- solvent has to be removed. The extraction of oilresin from the rhizomes of turmeric using supercritical CO2 and ethanol as co-solvent gives higher yields compared to those obtained using organic solvents. In supercritical extraction processes the mechanical energy needed for the recompression of carbon dioxide and the extraction time plays an important role on the economics of the process, and hence, the extraction of the oilresin from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L) using supercritical CO2 should be carried out at 30 MPa and 318 K for the rhizomes dried at 343 K. The fixed bed characteristics of the processed rhizomes submitted to a drying previous treatment at 343 and 378 K are shown in Table 2. The density was measured by the sand picnometry technique (Buczek and Geldart, 1986), the mean particle diameter was calculated as suggested by Massarani (1997), and the content of curcuminoids (expressed in terms of curcumin) by the method proposed by Takahashi (1987). Table 2. The fixed bed characteristics of the processed rhizomes rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L) submitted to a drying previous treatment at 343 and 378 K. Drying Treatment Drying at 343 K 0.7282 ± 0.026 0.4420 ± 0.020 DSAUTER [m] wCurcumin [w.%] VFixed bedI [cm3] VFixed bedII [cm3] 27.37 Drying at 378K 0.7516 ± 0.048 0.4280 ± 0.030 214 6.41 ± 0.12 26.51 26.51 Density [g/cm3] Porosity [-] 207 8.92 ± 0.18 27.37 The mathematical model applied to describe the extraction kinetics states that the mass transfer in the gaseous phase is described by a convective model without the dispersion term and that the rate of concentration of oil-resin in the solid phase is proportional to it’s concentrationPDF Image | SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION OF CURCUMINS
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