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It could be also observed that the course of extraction shows two distinct extraction periods. In the first period, represented by straight line, the mass transfer is controlled by resistance of fluid phase and limited for the solubility and the second, where there is a decreasing gradient, is controlling by resistance of solid phase. For the extraction experiment at 30 MPa and a drying treatment of the rhizomes of turmeric, a period of constant extraction rate could be hard observed as the resistance in the solid phase controls the mass transfer kinetic. The weight fraction of curcuminoids (expressed in terms of curcumin) in the oilresin obtained by supercritical CO2 for all the extraction experiments is shown in Figure 4. For all the experiments the concentration of curcuminoids increases during the course of extraction. This phenomenon is probably a sign the equilibrium solubility has not been reached as a great amount of curcuminoids still remain in the solid matrix. It is observed that the effect of both the pressure and drying previous treatment on the concentration becomes significant as the extraction time increases. The higher concentration of curcuminoids in the oilresin was achieved at 30 MPa when submitting the rhizomes to a drying treatment at 343 K. It can also be observed that the drying treatment at 378 K causes a decrease on the curcuminoids content in the oilresin. 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 Figure 4. Concentration of curcuminoids in the oilresin during the course of extraction. A comparison between the oilresin extraction yield from the rhizomes of turmeric obtained by conventional solvent extraction (Krishnamurthy et al., 1976; George et al., 1981) and supercritical CO2 extraction shows that conventional solvent extraction leads to higher yields. Nevertheless, the relative high extraction yield obtained using solvent extraction, this process may be avoided to T = 318 K, P = 30 MPa TDrying = 343 K T = 318 K, P = 30 MPa TDrying = 378 K T = 318 K, P = 25 MPa TDrying = 343 K T = 318 K, P = 25 MPa TDrying = 378 K 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time [min] Curcuminoids [wt.%]PDF Image | SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION OF CURCUMINS
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