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Experimental Investigation on efficient Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Essential Oil from Turmeric Rhizomes: Effects of Geometric and other Operation Parameters X1, X2, and X3 relates the effects of main process parameters pressure (MPa), temperature (°C), and particle size (mm) on the response (%OY). X12, X22, and X32 produces the quadratic effects of the same input variables. X1X2, X1X3, and X2X3 express the interaction effects of three possible combinations of three factors (i) pressure and temperature; (ii) pressure and particle size, and (iii) temperature and particle size, respectively Std. Dev. 0.0256 R2 0.9992 Adjusted R2 0.9984 Predicted R2 0.994 Adeq Precision 144.8787 D. Model Equation obtained from RSM The quadratic mathematical model expression representing the percentage oil yield (% OY) of turmeric rhizomes as a function of the three independent process variables of RSM study in the range of their values under investigation is given by the following generalized equation: %OY = β0+ β1X1 + β2X2+ β3X3 + β12 X1X2+ β13 X1X3+ β23X2X3+β11X12 +β22 X22+β33 X32 where %OY is the actual response; β0 is the regression coefficient of intercept; β1, β2, and β3 are the regression coefficients for linear fit; β12, β13 and β23 are the regression coefficients for FI fit; and β11, β22 and β33 are the regression coefficients for quadratic fit. The actual values of the regression coefficients of the final regression model were given in Table-6. Table 6: Coefficient Table of ANOVA Test for turmeric β0 β1 β2 β3 β12 %OY 3.50918 0.244 0.264 -0.803 -0.07875 Pressure, Temperature, and Particle size: Effects on the Oil Yield β13 β23 β112 0.08625 0.08125 -0.03045 β22 2 -0.03045 β33 2 -0.05545 E. as compared with CB performance under the same operating condition. Influence of individual process parameter on turmeric extract as (%OY) can be described with the help of perturbation plot shown in Fig. 2. The response surface plots are shown in Fig. 3 (a) -(c) were used to explain the two-factor interaction effects on the extract of turmeric in the range of values chosen for investigation. Analysis of both type plots indicates that pressure (in the range of 21.6-27.5 MPa) and temperature (in the range from 400C - 600C) both show a slightly positive impact on improving %OY. On the other side, particle size shows a significant effect on the extract. %OY was increased notably with decreasing the particle size from 0.9mm to 0.3 mm. Thus combined effect of pressure-temperature on %OY is lower than pressure – particle size interaction or temperature – particle size interaction. The increase of yield with increasing pressure is due to the increase of solubility of the solute with increasing pressure. Similarly, increasing temperature influences the yield positively due to the faster rate of mass transfer of solute attained from high diffusivity and vapor pressure value [28, 34-35]. The reduction of particle size to an optimal level is beneficial as milling of plant material to smaller particle size helps to rupture the cell walls and thus more molecules of volatile oil expose to the surface and come in direct contact with the solvent and easily extracted. In some literature, a range of particle size 0.2-0.45 mm was mentioned where yield increases gradually after which it declines significantly [6, 15]. Thus, a gradual reduction of yield for 0.6mm to 1.0mm particle size in the present study satisfies the literature. In this work RSM was applied in modified annulus bed geometry AB1and extraction was carried out without applying any co-solvent. In terms of percentage recovery of extractable oil at a faster rate annulus bed AB1 performance is remarkable Retrieval Number: H6344068819/19©BEIESP 328 Fig 2: Effect of Individual Process Parameters on the %OY Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences PublicationPDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Essential Oil from Turmeric
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