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345 oxygen from air to feed the gasifier. The Cool Water plant produces oxygen of 99.5% purity in order to produce argon as a by-product (as mentioned earlier, the process otherwise requires only 95% purity). Nitrogen is also a by-product. Oxygen is produced continually for gasifier use, but oxygen is also stored so that the IGCC plant can continue to operate if the oxygen plant is shut down. A coal slurry, a mixture of nominally 60% coal and 40% water produced in a wet grinding process, is introduced with oxygen into the Texaco gasifier (Figure 9.11), where partial combustion of the coal takes place at about 600 psig and 2500°F. The gasifier yields a mixture of mainly carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen gases, with sulfur primarily in the form of hydrogen sulfide. A relatively inert slag containing most of the mineral matter of the coal passes from the gasifier into a pool of water in the bottom of the radiant cooler. The slag is taken out periodically through a lockhopper process. The seal at the bottom of the radiant cooler is maintained by the water that is recycled. The syngas, after cooling in the radiant and convective coolers, passes through a carbon scrubber, where a water spray removes most of the particulates and further cools the gas. After additional cooling to ambient temperature, the gas flows to a sulfur-removal unit, where a solvent removes the hydrogen sulfide and therefore most of the sulfur from the stream. The relatively particle-free and sulfur-free gas is then saturated with moisture to control the formation of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) during combustion in the gas turbine. The water-quenching process suppresses NOx formation by reducing the gas combustion temperature, and it also increases the turbine power output by adding to the mass flow in the gas turbine combustor. Combustion gases from the gas turbine then pass through the heatPDF Image | Advanced Systems Steam Power Plant
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