Advanced Systems Steam Power Plant

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Advanced Systems Steam Power Plant ( advanced-systems-steam-power-plant )

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Pumped Storage One approach to off-peak energy storage utilizes a high reservoir into which water from a low elevation is pumped, using electricity generated during off-peak hours. Thus energy may be stored in the form of potential energy of the elevated water for later use during peak loads. There are about thirty such pumped-storage facilities in the United States. Figure 9.13 depicts the two phases of operation of a pumped-storage facility. These installations usually employ motor-generator sets driven by hydraulic turbines. Mechanically reversible pump-turbines generate electricity by using water from an elevated reservoir during periods of peak demand. When there is an excess of base-load power, the motor-generators can be reversed to drive the pump-turbines as pumps for filling the reservoir. It is clear that net energy is lost in the use of pumped storage. Its success relies on the availability of cheap power during off-peak hours and consistent demand for electricity, with its associated high price during peak hours. Pumped storage allows utilities to generate more electricity with their most efficient base-load plants instead of handling peaks with less efficient equipment. Figure 9.14 is a photograph of the Salina pumped-storage facility (ref. 34) of the Grand River Dam Authority, located about 50 miles from Tulsa, Oklahoma. The facility was designed for gradual expansion, in three steps, from the 130-MW configuration that went online in 1968, to the current 260-MW facility shown in 351

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