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358 As a consequence of these considerations, an important cogeneration technol- ogy is emerging. The steam-injected gas turbine, STIGTM* or SIGT, uses the gas turbine exhaust flow through an HRSG to produce steam that is partially or entirely injected into the gas turbine combustion chamber and possibly the compressor and/or turbine, as indicated in Figure 9.16, resulting in augmented gas turbine power output. Reduced steam requirements for process use in an industrial cogeneration plant may be used to increase electrical power generation, which in turn may be sold to a local utility under PURPA if it is not needed for other on-site uses. References 13, 22, 23, and 31 show increased power output, increased thermal efficiency, and reduced NOx as benefits of steam injection. Table 9.4, for example, lists performance measurements of the effects of steam injection into two industrial gas turbines. The table shows that as the cogeneration process steam percentage is reduced and the steam flow to the gas turbine increases accordingly, substantial increases in power output and thermal efficiency are consistently attained. Thus the steam-injected gas turbine holds considerable promise for cogeneration and process applications. A cross-section of the General Electric LM 5000 gas turbine without steam injection is shown in Figure 9.17; a photo of the same is presented in Figure 9.18. The LM 5000 is a compact, high-performance, aeroderivative gas turbine intended for marine and industrial applications. It is derived from the CF6 family of high- bypass-ratio turbofan engines but burns either distillates or natural gas fuels. The LM 5000 has a dual-rotor gas generator and a three-stage power turbine. The manufacturer quotes a power output of 46,200 shaft horsepower (34,451 kW) and a heat rate of 9160 Btu/kW-hr at a power turbine speed of 3600 rpm for the LM 5000 without STIG. ____________________ *STIG is a trademark of General Electric Co., U.S.A.PDF Image | Advanced Systems Steam Power Plant
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