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364 heat capacity of steam in the turbine flow. The model assumes the following: CDownstream steam injection has no effect on the compressor. CThe properties of steam may be represented by constant values of the heat capacity Cps: 1.86 kJ/kg-K and 0.444 Btu / lbm -R. CThe heat capacity of the mixture of combustion gas and steam may be repre- sented by a temperature-independent mass-weighted heat capacity given by Cpm = Cpg + (ms /ma )Cps [Btu/lbm-R | kJ/kg-K] where ms /ma is the steam-air mass ratio. Here, as before, the mass of fuel is neglected with respect to the mass of air. CThe isentropic exponent of the mixture, km , remains the isentropic exponent of combustion gas with no water injection, km = kg = 4/3. CThe fuel control system maintains the turbine inlet temperature at a constant value, irrespective of steam injection rate. EXAMPLE 9.2 Consider the injection of steam in the combustion chamber of the single-shaft gas turbine studied in Example 5.1. Five pounds of steam are injected for every hundred pounds of compressor discharge air. The fuel flow rate is adjusted to maintain the turbine inlet temperature at a constant 1400°F. Compare the power output for a compressor flow rate of 100 lbm /s, the thermal efficiency, the work ratio, and the fuel-air ratio with like parameters for the machine with no injection. Assume that the steam injected is saturated at the combustor pressure level and is heated by the turbine exhaust from pressurized feedwater at 70°F in a heat- recovery steam generator as shown in Figure 9.22. Solution Table 9.5 presents the spreadsheet solution as well as the no-injection reference solution, which is repeated there for convenience. The algorithm is based on the assumptions just enumerated and uses the HRSG analysis techniques discussed in section 9.2 in connection with the combined-cycle steam generator study. Steam conditions entering the combustor are obtained from the saturated-vapor tables, assuming constant pressure mixing at the known com- bustor pressure level; feed water conditions are for saturated liquid water at 70°F.PDF Image | Advanced Systems Steam Power Plant
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