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382 a fan to a given core engine. Both definitions reduce to the common turbojet definition for B = 0, but deviate progressively with increasing bypass ratio. __________________________________________________________________ It is of interest to compare the performance of a turbofan and twin-spool turbojet in flight at the same altitude and velocity based on our computations. This is easily accomplished with the spreadsheet of Table 9.6 by setting FPR = 1.0 and B = 0 for the turbojet engine. Table 9.7 shows some of the parameters resulting from this comparison. Table 9.7 Turbofan–Turbojet Comparison Core jet velocity, m/s Bypass jet velocity, m/s Thrust, N Specific thrust based on total mass, N-s/kg Specific thrust based on core mass, N-s/kg Fuel mass flow rate, kg/s TSFC, kg/N-hr Turbofan Turbojet 535.02 566.88 304.72 --------- 24,294.4 67,745 242.9 677.5 971.8 677.5 0.466 1.862 0.069 0.099 It is evident that the extraction of power to drive the fan reduces the core jet velocity. The lower jet velocities substantially reduce the turbofan engine thrust for the same size inlet and total engine mass flow rate. Thus the high-bypass-ratio turbofan is less likely to be used for military applications requiring high speed and therefore high thrust per unit of frontal area. This is reflected in the specific thrust based on total engine mass flow. On the other hand, the specific thrust based on core mass flow shows that a significant increase in thrust can be achieved by adding a fan to an existing turbojet design. The major advantage of the fanjet is shown in the fuel flow rate and TSFC comparisons, where the superior fuel economy of the fanjet appears. The success of the turbofan or ducted-fan engine has made it clear that further advances in jet engine fuel economy are possible with higher bypass ratios. The large-diameter cowlings necessary for drastic increases in turbofan bypass ratio, however, appear impractical. Still, advances in propeller technology now make flight at high subsonic Mach numbers possible with gas-turbine-driven unducted fans.PDF Image | Advanced Systems Steam Power Plant
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