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Figure 2: (Left) Commercial aviation CO2 emissions (right scale) compared to overall anthropogenic CO2 emissions (left scale), broken down into industrial emissions (fossil fuel and cement) and land use change (LUC) (from [2]); (Right) Commercial aviation CO2 emissions compared to overall anthropogenic CO2 emissions Figure 3: Schematic CO2 emissions reduction roadmap • The focus of this roadmap is on green aircraft technology. Continuous improvement of aircraft fuel efficiency plays a crucial role in working towards the 2050 carbon reduction goal. In fact, since the beginning of the jet age, technological innovations such as lighter materials, higher engine performance and aerodynamic improvements have reduced fuel consumption per passenger-km or ton-km of aircraft by over 70%. Further substantial reductions from new technologies are expected in future. However, when new, more efficient aircraft are introduced, it takes several years after entry into service (EIS) until they penetrate the market in sufficient number and their benefits are noticeable at a world fleet fuel efficiency level. • Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) produce typically up to 80% lower CO2 emissions on a lifecycle basis than conventional (fossil) jet fuel. Currently, a variety of pathways from biogenic sources are certified for aviation use, and more are under development, including non-biogenic fuels such as Power-to-liquid. All SAF types considered today are drop-in fuels, i.e. they have very similar physical and chemical properties to conventional jet fuel and can be blended with it overPDF Image | Aircraft Technology Roadmap to 2050
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