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reduction of about 15% compared to earlier engines with a BPR of typically 5 to 6. New engines for wide-body aircraft including A330neo and 777-9 reduce fuel burn by 10% compared to previous engines [28]. Figure 8: Improved efficiency levels of Rolls-Royce Trent engine generations from the Trent 800 onwards In Europe, within the Clean Sky 2 program, new engine architectures are developed and going to enter production in the near-term. • As an example, Rolls-Royce is working on two new efficient designs planned for launch in 2020 and 2025, respectively: the Advance and the UltraFan engines. The Advance engine presents a three-shaft architecture with a new high-pressure core. The UltraFan is a step further using the Advance core but with a two-shaft configuration coupled to a geared turbofan [31]. o The Advance Engine is expected to have at least 20% reduction in fuel burn and CO2 emissions relative to the Trent 800. o The Ultrafan Engine is a further development of the Advance Engine, with an expected minimum 25% improvement in fuel burn and CO2 emissions relative to the Trent 800. • Safran is working on Ultra-High-Bypass Ratio (UHBR) turbofan engines with a bypass ratio of at least 15 [32]. The design makes extensive use of lightweight composite materials. The UHBR is expected to have a 5 to 10% fuel efficiency relative to the LEAP engine, used e.g. in the A320neo family, or 20 to 25% to conventional engines in the narrow-body category [26]. In the USA, new engine designs are being produced under the CLEEN II national research program. • The GE9X engine, which will power Boeing’s new 777X aircraft, is considered to improve fuel efficiency by 10% relative to the GE90-115B engine. Its certification is expected in 2019 [25]. Figure 9: Ultra-High Bypass Ratio engine design (Safran UHBR Clean Sky project) Figure 10: GE9X engine design Aircraft Systems Advances in aircraft systems can reduce fuel consumption considerably in current aircraft configurations. Some examples: • Aircraft taxiing offers high fuel saving potential through new aircraft systems. Safran has developed an electric taxiing system (Electric Green Taxiing System, EGTS) consisting of electric motors mounted in the main landing gear wheels, which allow taxiing without using the main engines or a towing tractor [33]. • An Auto Transformer Rectifier Unit (ATRU) is envisaged as a low-weight power supply for the EGTS, which converts 115 V AC produced by the aircraft’s auxiliary power unit (APU) to 540 V DC required by the EGTS motors [33]. 19PDF Image | Aircraft Technology Roadmap to 2050
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