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Figure 25: CENTRELINE technology concept for fuselage wake-filling propulsion integration CENTRELINE aims at maximizing the benefits of aft- fuselage wake filling under real systems design and operating conditions. Its objectives are to achieve a TRL of 3 to 4 for the PFC concept at the end of the project and to reach 11% reduction of both CO2 and NOx emissions reduction in reference to current advanced conventional aircraft that are equipped with power plant, aerodynamic, structural and systems technologies suitable for an EIS year of 2035. Electric Aircraft technologies are a function of the component performances, the configuration, and missions. Figure 26: Share of electricity from CO2-free primary energies (renewable plus nuclear) for two policy-driven scenarios (from [55]) All-electric systems rely on batteries as the only propulsive power source on the aircraft. Hybrid-electric systems rely on gas turbine engines for propulsion power generation and for charging batteries. Also, the batteries provide energy needed for propulsion during several phases of flight. Plans to use electricity as a clean propulsive energy for aircraft have recently made strong advancements. Electric motors do not produce any emissions during their operations, this makes them a crucial technology element in reaching the environmental goal for 2050. Electric power generation is obviously not emissions-free today, but it can be expected that the related emissions will go down considerably between now and 2050, thanks to the strong trend towards renewable energies across all sectors of the global economy ( [55], see Figure 25). Aircraft manufacturers in conjunction with electric equipment providers or specialized niche companies (see below) are currently developing electric technologies to serve as a propulsive energy and to provide energy on- board the aircraft. Amongst the different electric propulsion architectures considered for future aircraft, six main categories can be distinguished, which rely on different technologies [56]. The levels of CO2 reduction associated with the different • • • Parallel-hybrid: with this system, a turbine engine and a battery-powered motor are both mounted on a shaft which drives a fan, so that either or both components can provide propulsion at any time given. Series-hybrid: with this technology, only the electric motors are connected to the fans mechanically. The function of the gas turbine is to drive an electric generator, which in turn drives the motors and/or charges the batteries. Series-hybrid systems are compatible with distributed propulsion concepts that use multiple small motors and fans. Series/Parallel partial hybrid: this system has one or more fans which can be driven directly by a gas turbine while other fans can be driven by electric motors exclusively, these motors can be powered by a turbine- driven generator or by a battery. 26 Electric motors do not produce any emissions during their operations. This makes them a crucial technology element in reaching the environmental goals for 2050.PDF Image | Aircraft Technology Roadmap to 2050
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