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Extreme Mechanics Letters ( ) – Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Extreme Mechanics Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eml Chemical modification of polymer surfaces for advanced triboelectric nanogenerator development Yanhao Yua, Xudong Wanga,b,∗ a Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA b Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, PR China article info Article history: Received 12 January 2016 Received in revised form 22 February 2016 Accepted 22 February 2016 Available online xxxx Keywords: Triboelectric nanogenerator Surface modification Polymer surfaces Mechanical energy harvesting Contents abstract Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a newly developed technique for harvesting mechanical energy from ambient environment with sparkly high output and extremely flexible structural designs. The operation of TENGs is based on the combined effects of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. The charge density on triboelectric surfaces (mostly polymers) sets the foundation of TENG output. Meanwhile, the charge density on polymer surface is closely related to the surface chemical property. Therefore, engineering the surface chemical environment by appropriate functionalization is the most fundamental approach in controlling the TENG outputs. This article systematically reviews recent processes of chemical modifications of triboelectric polymers for advanced TENG developments. According to different functionalization techniques, four categories of chemical modifications, including fluorinated surface, ion injection, sequential infiltration synthesis and molecular-targeting functionalization are thoroughly reviewed, and their contributions to TENG performance are discussed. © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Fluorinated surfaces................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 3. Ion injection............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 4. Sequential infiltration synthesis ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 5. Molecular-targeting functionalization .................................................................................................................................................. 12 6. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................................................................................. 15 References................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 1. Introduction The rapid development of mobile electronics has recon- structed the landscape of energy consumption. Miniatur- ∗ Corresponding author at: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. E-mail address: xudong.wang@wisc.edu (X. Wang). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2016.02.019 2352-4316/© 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. ization of energy sources with high portability and sus- tainability is greatly desired for powering a large variety of personal electronics and implantable biomedical de- vices. Currently, batteries are the predominant choice of such power sources. However, they may not be the ul- timate solution since their operational lifetimes are lim- ited and regular recharging or replacing is necessary, which give rises to their incompatibility, incompetency and evenPDF Image | Chemical modification of polymer surfaces for advanced triboelectric nanogenerator development
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