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16 2 Literature Review 2.1 Classic Jet Propulsion According to different conditions, a distinct type of jet engine exists. A difference is made in a number of design characteristics such as compressors, distribution of airflow with the en- gine and the number of spools. Figure 2.1 Turbofan engine schematic (Hünecke 2003) The earliest type of gas turbine propulsion was the turbojet. The simple design consisted of a compressor, combustor and a turbine. Because of the technological progress, the turbofan en- gine has become the most common type of engine in commercial aviation aircraft. The turbo- fan engine is a turbojet engine installed with a fan with a large diameter. This fan is driven by the low-pressure turbine which is designed to absorb from the hot gas than required. Only a part of the air enters the core engine after passing through the fan. The remaining air is by- passed and expands in the nozzle to provide thrust. The ratio of the air bypassed to the air en- tering the core engine is known as the bypass ratio. The fuel consumption of the aircraft is greatly improved due to high bypass ratio turbofan en- gines. The important advantage of turbofan engine is that it produces high level of thrust dur- ing take-off. Also, it is proven to be relatively quieter than other engines. The CFM 56 series engine used in the A320 produces a thrust of 120 kN and has a bypass ratio of 6:1 (Hünecke 2003). However, the turbofan engines consume kerosene, and which is not a green fuel. Therefore, alternate fuels and propulsions systems are being researched and demonstrated. They are presented in the following chapters.PDF Image | Comparison of Concepts: Classic Jet Propulsion, Turbo-Electric Propulsion and Turbo-Hydraulic Propulsion
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