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∆𝑝 = 𝜆 ∙ 𝑙 ∙ 𝑉 𝑑2 𝜆 Darcy friction factor, see below 𝑙 length of the pipe (m) 𝜌 density of the hydraulic fluid (kg/m3) ∙ 𝜌 (3.7) (3.8) (3.9) (3.10) 68 . 𝜆=0.11 ∙ 𝜅+ 𝑅𝑒 𝜅= ∆ 𝑑 𝑅𝑒 = 𝑉 ∙ 𝑑 24 (3.5) is used to determine operating pressure but one can one can remodel the equation to (3.6) to find the outer diameter. In this equation the diameters must be inputted in inches and the pressure in psi. 𝑆 is the maximum allowable stress for a specific material. For this re- search, Stainless Steel 304 is chosen due to its high 𝑆 of 18,800 psi. There is a pressure drop across the pipe and this pressure is denoted by ∆𝑝. ∆𝑝 can be determined using the Darcy- Weisbach equation given below (Kudela 2010). The pressure loss can be found using (3.7) along with (3.8), (3.9) and (3.10). ∆ is the absolute roughness coefficient of the pipe material which is approximately 0.00015 mm for Stainless Steel 304 and 𝜈 in (3.10) is the dynamic viscosity of the hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic fluid chosen for this research is Skydrol. Skydrol is a flight-proven hydraulic fluid used in the avia- tion industry by many aircraft. The dynamic viscosity and density of Skydrol are 0.00001249 m2/s and 1000 kg/m3 (Skydrol 2003). 𝜈PDF Image | Comparison of Concepts: Classic Jet Propulsion, Turbo-Electric Propulsion and Turbo-Hydraulic Propulsion
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